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Histology > Exam 1: Muscle > Flashcards

Exam 1: Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Where does musculoskeletal tissue come from

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Definition of tissue

A

Conglomerate of cells with similar morphology that serve one or several specific functions within an organism

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3
Q

Parts of musculoskeletal tissue

A

Muscle
Bone
Cartilage

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4
Q

Main characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Cytoplasm contains myofilaments = sarcoplasm

Myofilaments - actin and myosin

Sliding of myofilaments = contraction = movement

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5
Q

Muscle contraction by activity

A

Voluntary - skeleton, tongue, eyes

Involuntary - heart, blood vessels, bronchioles, digestive tract

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6
Q

The sarcomere

A

Myofilaments - actin, myosin, Ts
•Troponin, tropomyosin

Plus sarcoplasmic reticulum full of Ca

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7
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments
I band
Light band

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8
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments
A band
Dark band

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9
Q

Parts of the sarcomere

A

Z bands - sarcomere goes from Z band to Z band

H band - only myosin filaments

A band - whole myosin band
•Including area where actin and myosin overlap

I band - only actin filaments

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10
Q

Myoblasts

A

Myoblasts from mesoderm - paraxial or lateral

-blast –> early forms of cells

Myoblasts are early muscle cells

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11
Q

Embryonic origin of skeletal muscle

A

Fusion of myoblasts
•Multiple nuclei per myofibril

Paraxial mesoderm (somites and somitomeres) –> Myotomes –> Skeletal muscle

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12
Q

Embryonic origin of cardiac muscle

A

Individual fibers held very close together by intercalated discs

Purkinje fibers - glycogen rich
•In heart - dictate how heart is going to contract by conducting nervous stimulus

Lateral mesoderm (Splachnopleura) –> Myotomes –> Cardiac myoblasts

Lateral mesoderm (Splachnopleura) –> Myotomes –> Myoblasts –> Purkinje fibers

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13
Q

Embryonic origin of smooth muscle

A

Individual fibers - one nucleus per fiber

Inner eye muscles - neural crest

Lateral mesoderm (Splachnopleura) –> Myotomes –> Smooth muscle myoblasts

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14
Q

Muscle types by function

A

Skeletal - voluntary
Cardiac - involuntary
Smooth - involuntary

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle myofiber

A

Long
Multinucleated
Peripheral nuclei
Striated

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle characteristics

A

Abundant myosin and actin

A, I, and Z bands (sarcomeres) , with special techniques

Voluntary contraction

Rich in myoglobin - helps cells have reserve of oxygen

Rich in glycogen - source of energy, skeletal muscle needs lots of energy

Red meat

17
Q

Myoglobin

A

Similar to hemoglobin - carries and stores oxygen

Very abundant in species that require oxygen in anaerobic condition –> marine mammals, turtles

18
Q

Cardiac muscle myofiber

A

Long and branching - cardiac syncytium
Single nucleus
Centrally located nucleus
Striation present but not as clear as skeletal muscle
Cells connected tightly to each other by intercalated discs

19
Q

Cardiac syncytium

A

Intramembranous unions - intercalated discs

Not to be confused with Z bands

20
Q

Cardiac muscle characteristics

A

Rich in glycogen

Involuntary and continuous short contractions

21
Q

Smooth muscle myofiber

A 
Fusiform shape
Variable size
Irregular
No visible striations - actin and myosin crisscrossed 
Single nucleus
Centrally located nucleus
22
Q

Smooth muscle characteristics

A

Involuntary contraction

Lowest content of myoglobin

Lowest content of glycogen

23
Q

General overview of how sarcomere works

A

Relaxed - actin and myosin kept in place by T

Ca released from sarcoplasmic reticulum - Ts leave, actin slides across myosin

24
Q

Smooth muscle contraction

A 
Myosin and actin crisscrossed
Tropomyosin
Calcium
Calmodulin
Dense bodeis
25
Q

Connective tissue in muscles

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

26
Q

Endomysium

A

Layer of connective tissue around each myofiber

27
Q

Perimysium

A

Layer of connective tissue around a bundle of myofibers

28
Q

Epimysium

A

Layer of connective tissue around a group of muscle bundles (muscle)

29
Q

Comparing muscle - Function

A

Skeletal - voluntary
Cardiac - involuntary
Smooth - involuntary

30
Q

Comparing muscle - striations

A

Skeletal - yes
Cardiac - yes, but less clear than skeletal
Smooth - no, no sarcomeres

31
Q

Comparing muscle - Z bands

A

Skeletal - yes
Cardiac - yes
Smooth - no, no sarcomeres

32
Q

Comparing muscle - Intercalated discs

A

Skeletal - no
Cardiac - yes
Smooth - no

33
Q

Comparing muscle - number of nuclei

A

Skeletal - multinucleated
Cardiac - single nucleus
Smooth - single nucleus

34
Q

Comparing muscle - location of nuclei

A

Skeletal - peripheral
Cardiac - central
Smooth - central

35
Q

Comparing muscle - myoglobin

A

Skeletal - most
Cardiac - moderate
Smooth - least

36
Q

Comparing muscle - Ca binding protein

A

Skeletal - troponin
Cardiac - troponin
Smooth - calmodulin

Histology (8 decks)

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