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Histology > Exam 1: Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Exam 1: Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Four main tissue types

A

Epithelial
Musculoskeletal
Connective
Nervous

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2
Q

Where do the 4 main tissues come from

A

Epithelial - endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

Musculoskeletal - mesoderm

Connective - mesoderm

Nervous - ectoderm

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3
Q

Main characteristics of epithelial cells

A

Regenerative

Built on basement membrane

Avascular - dependent on underlying connective tissue

Apical border may have cilia, microvilli, or stereocilia

Little intercellular matrix, joint by intercellular links

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4
Q

Basement membrane

A

Glycogen fibers
•Basal lamina (EM) - from epithelial cells
•Reticular lamina (EM) - from connective tissue cells

Secreted by epithelial cells

Anchor the basal layer of the epithelium

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5
Q

Vascularization

A

Not in epithelium - avascular

In connective tissue below - dermis and sub dermis

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6
Q

Cilia

A

Ciliated epithelium are motile, carrying materials across surface
•ex, nasal epithelium

Microtubules allow cilia to move

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7
Q

Microvilli

A

Form brush border to enhance surface of absorptive and excretory epithelia
•ex, intestinal mucosa and renal tubule

Extensions of cell membrane with inner flexible scaffold of actin filaments
•no tubulin

No microtubules

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8
Q

Stereocilia

A

Long microvilli

Non motile and lack filamentous core
•Long finger like projections of membrane

Ex, epidydimal vas deferens epithelia

Found in reproductive tract

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9
Q

Keratinization

A

Epithelial cells covering dry surfaces (eg skin)
•Upper layer of dead cells, firmly attached, provide impermeable flexibility to minimize dehydration

Epithelial cells covering wet surfaces subject to abrasion (eg esophagus)

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10
Q

Types of intercellular links (junctions)

A

Tight junctions
Terminal bars
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

Most cells have at least 2 types of junctions

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11
Q

Tight junctions (zona occludens)

A

Fusion of intramembranous particles from adjacent cells

Contiguous membranes become indistinguishable even with EM

Columnar cells, apical border, to block small microorganisms from passing in between cells

ex - intestinal mucosa

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12
Q

Terminal bars (zona adhaerens)

A

Less tight of a union

Membranes are distinguishable with EM

Cuboidal and columnar epithelia, various tissues

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13
Q

Desmosomes (macula adhaerens, intercellular bridges)

A

Discontinuous junctions

May give epithelium a spiny appearance when cells shrink during histological processing

Composed of 2 hemidesmosomes anchored to their corresponding cells by tonofilaments

Squamous epithelium of epidermis, mostly

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14
Q

Gap junctions

A

Conduits between adjacent cells

Allows passage of ions and small molecules

Cuboidal epithelium

Ex - renal tube

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15
Q

Types of epithelium from the 3 germ layers

A

Endoderm - endothelium –> mucosa

Ectoderm - skin

Mesoderm - endothelium

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16
Q

Epithelia with their own names

A

Endothelium

Mesothelium

17
Q

Classifications of epithelium - number of layers

A

Simple
Pseudostratified
Stratified

18
Q

Classification of epithelium - cellular morphology

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

19
Q

Squamous

A

Can be keratinized or non keratinized

Flat, scaly looking

20
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped

21
Q

Columnar

A

Column shaped

22
Q

Transitional

A

Can be stretched or un-stretched

Morphology depends on what the organ is doing

In urinary bladder
•Need it stretched when full of urine
•Need it un-stretched when not full of urine

23
Q

Simple

A

Single layer of cells

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar

24
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Looks like it might be stratified but not

Pseudostratified columnar

25
Q

Stratified

A

At least 2 layers

Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar

26
Q

Naming epithelium

A

Go by top layer of cells for naming

•If top layer is columnar but other layers look cuboidal it would be stratified columnar

27
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

Only type of pseudostratified you can have

Some columnar cells at top are touching the basement membrane

Real stratified - top layer doesn’t touch basement membrane, it rests on top of other cells

28
Q

Classification of transitional by number of layers

A

Don’t do because not in definitive layers

29
Q

Main functions of epithelium

A

Protection - epidermis

Delineation from environment - intestinal mucosa

Substance exchange - endothelium

Secretion - sebaceous glands

30
Q

Types of glandular epithelium

A

Endocrine

Exocrine

31
Q

Types of endocrine glandular epithelium

A

Follicle

Ribbon

32
Q

Types of Exocrine glandular epithelium classifications

A

Morphology

Secretion mode

Secretion type

33
Q

Endocrine glandular epithelium

A

Ribbon - capillaries go through secretory portion like ribbon of endocrine gland (kinda looks like a river)

Follicle - capillaries go around secretory portion of endocrine gland

34
Q

Exocrine - morphology

A

Unicellular - 1 cell

Alveolar - round and sac shaped

Tubular - tube shaped

Can have simple and complex alveolar and tubular

35
Q

Simple vs complex Alveolar and tubular exocrine glandular epithelium

A

Simple - just one sac/tube

Complex - branching sacs/tubes

36
Q

Exocrine - secretion mode

A

Merocrine - release by exocytosis, cytoplasm intact

Holocrine - secretion is terminal, cells disintegrate after secretion

Apocrine - membrane bound blebs of cytoplasm

37
Q

exocrine - secretion product

A

Mucus secretion - mucins hydrated into mucus, lubrication and protection
•ex - goblet cells

Serous secretion - proteins (digestive enzymes)
•ex - pancreas (exocrine portion)

Seromucous glands (complex) - combination of digestive enzyme and mucus
•ex - salivary glands

Histology (8 decks)

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