Exam 1 Multiple Choice

Question 1

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?

Answer 1

B) from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria

Question 2

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?

Answer 2

A) chloroplast

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning?

Answer 3

A) dinoflagellates

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?

Answer 4

B) a trait common in a single monophyletic group, but not generally found outside of that group

Question 5

According to the phylogenetic tree in the figure above, G. intestinalis constitutes a ___ group

Answer 5

A) paraphyletic

Question 6

By examine the phylogenetic tree diagrammed in the figure above, what conclusion can you draw about the species G. microti?

Answer 6

D) It is part of a monophyletic group that also includes G. intestinalis

Question 7

Land plants are most closely related to

Answer 7

E) Chlorophyta

Question 8

Unikonts include which of the following?

Answer 8

E) all of these

• amoebozoans
• fungi
• choanoflagellates
• animals

Question 9

The mode of action of ___ during a hazardous algal bloom is to block voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons

Answer 9

D) saxitoxin

Question 10

The feeding stage of ___ is comprised of free-living amoeba-like cells that later can form a multicellular stalk for reproduction

Answer 10

B) cellular slimes

Question 11

Malaria is caused by a member of the

Answer 11

A) apicomplexa

Question 12

According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?

Answer 12

A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution?

Answer 13

A) descent with modification

Question 14

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

Answer 14

E) bones in the flipper of a whale

Question 15

Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of

Answer 15

B) developmental homology

Question 16

The idea of limited resources curbing population growth was formalized mathematically by who of the following?

Answer 16

C) Malthus

Question 17

The “father” of modern paleontology is considered to be

Answer 17

E) Cuvier

Question 18

The concept of Natural Selection as a mechanism for evolution was proposed by

Answer 18

E) both Darwin and Wallace

Question 19

A monophyletic group that includes an ancestral population and all of its descendants, but NO others, defines a

Answer 19

B) clade

Question 20

Similarity in structure due to common ancestry is termed a(n)

Answer 20

D) homology

Question 21

Biological fitness is best defined as

Answer 21

C) Relative the ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive and reproduce

Question 22

Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

Answer 22

C) Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits

Question 23

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

Answer 23

E) Individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve

Question 24

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates…

Answer 24

C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas psudocoelomates do not

Question 25

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?

Answer 25

B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

Question 26

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

Answer 26

B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships

Question 27

With of the following is characteristic of simple multicellularity?

Answer 27

E) all of these

• cells stick together via adhesion molecules
• few specialized cell types
• little communication and nutrient transfer among cells
• nearly all cells are in direct contact with the environment

Question 28

An extracellular matrix is necessary for

Answer 28

C) complex multicellular organisms

Question 29

Which of the exhibit gradients in complex multicellularity?

Answer 29

E) all of these

• pH
• temperature
• O2 and CO2
• nutrients and waste products

Question 30

Cell size is primarily limited by

Answer 30

D) the surface area to volume ratio