Exam 1 Multiple Choice Flashcards
According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?
B) from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria
Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?
A) chloroplast
Which of the following is most likely to lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning?
A) dinoflagellates
Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?
B) a trait common in a single monophyletic group, but not generally found outside of that group
According to the phylogenetic tree in the figure above, G. intestinalis constitutes a ___ group
A) paraphyletic
By examine the phylogenetic tree diagrammed in the figure above, what conclusion can you draw about the species G. microti?
D) It is part of a monophyletic group that also includes G. intestinalis
Land plants are most closely related to
E) Chlorophyta
Unikonts include which of the following?
E) all of these
- amoebozoans
- fungi
- choanoflagellates
- animals
The mode of action of ___ during a hazardous algal bloom is to block voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons
D) saxitoxin
The feeding stage of ___ is comprised of free-living amoeba-like cells that later can form a multicellular stalk for reproduction
B) cellular slimes
Malaria is caused by a member of the
A) apicomplexa
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?
A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution?
A) descent with modification
Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?
E) bones in the flipper of a whale
Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of
B) developmental homology
The idea of limited resources curbing population growth was formalized mathematically by who of the following?
C) Malthus
The “father” of modern paleontology is considered to be
E) Cuvier
The concept of Natural Selection as a mechanism for evolution was proposed by
E) both Darwin and Wallace
A monophyletic group that includes an ancestral population and all of its descendants, but NO others, defines a
B) clade
Similarity in structure due to common ancestry is termed a(n)
D) homology
Biological fitness is best defined as
C) Relative the ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive and reproduce
Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?
C) Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
E) Individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve
What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates…
C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas psudocoelomates do not
Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?
B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth
Phylogenetic trees are best described as
B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships
With of the following is characteristic of simple multicellularity?
E) all of these
- cells stick together via adhesion molecules
- few specialized cell types
- little communication and nutrient transfer among cells
- nearly all cells are in direct contact with the environment
An extracellular matrix is necessary for
C) complex multicellular organisms
Which of the exhibit gradients in complex multicellularity?
E) all of these
- pH
- temperature
- O2 and CO2
- nutrients and waste products
Cell size is primarily limited by
D) the surface area to volume ratio
