Exam 1 Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?

A

B) from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria

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2
Q

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?

A

A) chloroplast

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3
Q

Which of the following is most likely to lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning?

A

A) dinoflagellates

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4
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?

A

B) a trait common in a single monophyletic group, but not generally found outside of that group

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5
Q

According to the phylogenetic tree in the figure above, G. intestinalis constitutes a ___ group

A

A) paraphyletic

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6
Q

By examine the phylogenetic tree diagrammed in the figure above, what conclusion can you draw about the species G. microti?

A

D) It is part of a monophyletic group that also includes G. intestinalis

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7
Q

Land plants are most closely related to

A

E) Chlorophyta

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8
Q

Unikonts include which of the following?

A

E) all of these

  • amoebozoans
  • fungi
  • choanoflagellates
  • animals
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9
Q

The mode of action of ___ during a hazardous algal bloom is to block voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons

A

D) saxitoxin

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10
Q

The feeding stage of ___ is comprised of free-living amoeba-like cells that later can form a multicellular stalk for reproduction

A

B) cellular slimes

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11
Q

Malaria is caused by a member of the

A

A) apicomplexa

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12
Q

According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?

A

A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution?

A

A) descent with modification

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14
Q

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

A

E) bones in the flipper of a whale

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15
Q

Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of

A

B) developmental homology

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16
Q

The idea of limited resources curbing population growth was formalized mathematically by who of the following?

A

C) Malthus

17
Q

The “father” of modern paleontology is considered to be

18
Q

The concept of Natural Selection as a mechanism for evolution was proposed by

A

E) both Darwin and Wallace

19
Q

A monophyletic group that includes an ancestral population and all of its descendants, but NO others, defines a

20
Q

Similarity in structure due to common ancestry is termed a(n)

A

D) homology

21
Q

Biological fitness is best defined as

A

C) Relative the ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive and reproduce

22
Q

Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

A

C) Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits

23
Q

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

A

E) Individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve

24
Q

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates…

A

C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas psudocoelomates do not

25
Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?
B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth
26
Phylogenetic trees are best described as
B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships
27
With of the following is characteristic of simple multicellularity?
E) all of these - cells stick together via adhesion molecules - few specialized cell types - little communication and nutrient transfer among cells - nearly all cells are in direct contact with the environment
28
An extracellular matrix is necessary for
C) complex multicellular organisms
29
Which of the exhibit gradients in complex multicellularity?
E) all of these - pH - temperature - O2 and CO2 - nutrients and waste products
30
Cell size is primarily limited by
D) the surface area to volume ratio