[Exam 1] Module 1: Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmaceutics definition
Address how various drug forms affect the dissolution of a drug, the absorption rate of a drug, and subsequently, its onset of action
EC meaning
Enteric-coated drugs; dissolve when drug reaches the intestine
ER meaning
Extended-release drugs, release over a period of time
XL meaning
Extended length
SR or XR meaning?
Sustained release
SA meaning?
Sustained action
Three ways Parenteral (Infectable) drugs can be administered?
Intravenously into a vein (IV)
Subcutaneously into subcutaneous tissue (Sub-Q)
Intramuscularly into muscle tissue (IM)
Come as liquid or dry form
Onset of IV administration?
Immediate and complete, resulting in immediate onset of action
Subcutaneous absorption rapid if
if highly water soluble and good circulatory flow
Subcutaneous absorption slow if
poorly water soluble and/or circulatory blood flow is slow or impaired
Subcutaneous onset?
Variable, depending on circulatory system
Where can topical or transdermal drugs be applied?
Client’s skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, or lungs
Topical drugs onset, and duration?
Deliver constant amount of drug over extended period of time, with a slower onset of action and longer duration of action than oral or parenterally administered drugs
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
Absorption definition
Movement of drugs from site of administration to various tissues of body
Distribution definition
Movement of drug by circulatory system to intended site of action
Metabolism definition
Change that occurs in a drug into a more or less potent form of the drug, more soluble form of the drug, or an inactive form of the drug
Livers function with metabolism?
Responsible for most of the metabolism of drugs that occurs in the body
When does Transformation occur?
When the structure of the drug is chemically altered during metabolism. New or altered drug is called a metabolite.
What is the Drug Half-Life?
The time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in amount by half
Drugs onset definition
Amount of time it takes for the drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response
Drugs peak effect definition
The time it takes the drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect
Drugs duration of action definition
Length of time the drugs therapeutic effect lasts, without additional doses
What must you do with drugs in order for it to be effective?
You must maintain a therapeutic level
