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NRSG 106: Pharmacology > [Exam 1] Intro to Pharm PPT > Flashcards

[Exam 1] Intro to Pharm PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology definition

A

The study of drugs and their effect on the human body

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2
Q

Pharmaceutics is the study of

A

how various dosage forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics is the study of

A

The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs

Drugs onset of action, peak concentration and duration of action

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4
Q

What are the rights of safe administration? (Proper Drug Administration)

A 
Right: Drug
Dose
Time
Route and Form
Patient
Documentation
Reason or Indication
Response
Refuse
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5
Q

What is the Chemical Name?

A

The drug’s chemical composition

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6
Q

What is the generic name?

A

Used in most official drug compendiums to list drugs (ibuprofen)

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7
Q

What is the Trade Name?

A

Proprietary name, is the drugs registered trademark such as Motrin

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8
Q

What is the Brand name?

A

Name given to the drug by the manufacturer

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9
Q

What is the NDC number?

A

National Drug Code number used to identify a specific drug

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10
Q

What is the Lot Number?

A

Specific drug batch from which this drug was produced; important for recall information

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11
Q

Why do people use Synthetic Sources for sources of drugs?

A

Free from impurities found in natural sources and can manipulate the molecular structure

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12
Q

Drug Evaluation: Preclinical Trials

A

Chemicals tested on laboratory animals

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13
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase I Studies

A

Chemicals tested on human volunteers

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14
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase II Studies

A

Drug tried on informed patients with the disease

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15
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase III Studies

A

Drug used in vast clinical market

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16
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase IV Studies

A

Continual evaluation of the drug

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17
Q

What is dissolution?

A

Is the dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption (from the GI tract) occurs

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18
Q

Difference between solid vs liquid forms?

A

Tablets, capsule or powder vs solution or suspension

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19
Q

Fastest to slowest absorption?

A 
Buccal tablets
Liquids
Suspension
Powders
Capsules
Tablets
Coated Tablets
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20
Q

What is faster, IV or Subcutaneous?

A

IV

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21
Q

What is faster? Subcutaneous or Deltoid?

A

Subcutaneous

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22
Q

Definition for Absorption?

A

What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues.

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23
Q

What is Bio-availability?

A

The amount of drug available after passing through the liver.

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24
Q

Intraarterial time for activation?

A

1 minute

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25
Q

If a drug is absorbed through the GI, it must pass through what before it reaches the circulatory system?

A

Liver

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26
Q

If a drug goes through IV, how much bioavailability do you have?

A

100% because it does not pass through the liver

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27
Q

Buccal routes bypass the

A

liver

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28
Q

What is Distribution?

A

The movement of a drug to the body tissues.

Drugs lipid solubility and ionization - blood -brain barrier.
Perfusion of the reactive tissue
Placenta/Breast Milk
Blood Flow

29
Q

The liver is the single most important site for

A

biotransfomation (metabolism)

Is the first pass effect.

30
Q

The liver helps break down

A

medicines

31
Q

The liver helps to prevent

A

medications from causing adverse effects on the body.

32
Q

What is Excretion?

A

Removal of drugs from the body

33
Q

Excretion: Role of kidney?

A

Most important role in excretion of medication

34
Q

What is Half-Life?

A

The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half the peak level

35
Q

Half-Life is affected by

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

36
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

The science of dealing with interactions between living organism and foreign chemicals.

Each living system has chemical reactions. When other chemicals added, other effects occur

37
Q

What are some drug actions?

A

Replace or act as a sub for missing chemicals

Increase certain cellular activities

Depress cellular activities

Interfere with functioning of foreign cells

CANNOT ADD CELLS

38
Q

What are receptor sites?

A

React to certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cells. This includes

Agonists, Noncompetitive Antagonists, Competitive Antagonists

39
Q

What happens in a Agonist interaction with receptor site on cell?

A

An agonist that binds to receptor sites and procedures an effect

40
Q

What happens with Competitive Antagonism?

A

An antagonisst of Drug A that binds to the same receptor site as Drug A and prevents Drug A from binding

41
Q

What happens with Noncompetitive Antagonism?

A

A competitive antagonist of Drug-A that binds to different receptor sites from Drug A but still prevents Drug A from binding

42
Q

What is cumulative effect?

A

When you absorb more medicine than you excrete. This is due to decrease kidney function or liver disease.

43
Q

Drugs should be taken this many hours apart

A

At least two hours apart.

These drugs compete at sites of absorption, during distribution, bio-transformation, excretion, or at the site of action.

44
Q

Adverse Reactions: Primary Actions

A

Overdose; extension of the desired effect

45
Q

Adverse Reactions: Secondary Action

A

Undesired effects produced in addition to the pharmacologic effect

46
Q

Adverse Reactions: Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Excessive response to primary or secondary effect of drug

47
Q

What is an anaphylactic Reaction?

A

Exaggerated response of body’s immune system

48
Q

Anaphylactic Reaction treatment

A

Re-establish airway

Oxygen therapy

Epinephrine to raise blood pressure

Diphenhydramine to block additional release of histamine

49
Q

Controlled Substances: C-I

A

High abuse, no medical use, severe physical and psychological dependency potential - heroin

50
Q

Controlled Substances: C-II

A

High abuse, severe physical and psychological dependency potential - hydrocodone

51
Q

Controlled Substances: C-III

A

Moderate to low physical or high psychological - codeine with acetaminophen

52
Q

Controlled Substances: C-IV

A

Limited physical or psychological - diazepam

53
Q

Controlled Substances: C-V

A

Limited physical or psychological - OTC - meds for diarrhea with limited opioid controlled substances

54
Q

What is Teratogenicity?

A

Any drug that causes harm to the developing fetus or embryo

55
Q

What is PLLR?

A

Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule

56
Q

At what age can children metabolize drugs as well as adults?

A

Age 12

57
Q

As you get older, what happens to the kidneys?

A

Decrease in blood flow to kidneys and flomerular filtration rate (GFR)

58
Q

As you get older, what happens to the gastrointestinal?

A

Gastric pH and emptying intestinal absorption and peristalsis

59
Q

As you get older, what happens to the Liver?

A

Decrease in blood flow to the liver and enzyme production

60
Q

As you get older, what happens to the circulatory system?

A

Decrease in Cardiac output and tissue perfusion

61
Q

African american response to diuretics?

A

Better to diuretics than b eta blockers and ace inhibitors

62
Q

1 lb = ? oz

A

16 oz

63
Q

2 pt = ? qt

A

1

64
Q

4 qt = ? gal

A

1

65
Q

16 oz = ? pt = ? cup

A

1 = 2

66
Q

32 tbsp = ? pt

A

1

67
Q

3 tsp = ? tbsp

A

1

68
Q

60 drops (gtt) = ? tsp

A

1

NRSG 106: Pharmacology (14 decks)

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