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NRSG 106: Pharmacology > [Exam 1] Intro to Pharm PPT > Flashcards

[Exam 1] Intro to Pharm PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology definition

A

The study of drugs and their effect on the human body

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2
Q

Pharmaceutics is the study of

A

how various dosage forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics is the study of

A

The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs

Drugs onset of action, peak concentration and duration of action

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4
Q

What are the rights of safe administration? (Proper Drug Administration)

A 
Right: Drug
Dose
Time
Route and Form
Patient
Documentation
Reason or Indication
Response
Refuse
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5
Q

What is the Chemical Name?

A

The drug’s chemical composition

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6
Q

What is the generic name?

A

Used in most official drug compendiums to list drugs (ibuprofen)

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7
Q

What is the Trade Name?

A

Proprietary name, is the drugs registered trademark such as Motrin

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8
Q

What is the Brand name?

A

Name given to the drug by the manufacturer

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9
Q

What is the NDC number?

A

National Drug Code number used to identify a specific drug

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10
Q

What is the Lot Number?

A

Specific drug batch from which this drug was produced; important for recall information

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11
Q

Why do people use Synthetic Sources for sources of drugs?

A

Free from impurities found in natural sources and can manipulate the molecular structure

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12
Q

Drug Evaluation: Preclinical Trials

A

Chemicals tested on laboratory animals

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13
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase I Studies

A

Chemicals tested on human volunteers

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14
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase II Studies

A

Drug tried on informed patients with the disease

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15
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase III Studies

A

Drug used in vast clinical market

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16
Q

Drug Evaluation: Phase IV Studies

A

Continual evaluation of the drug

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17
Q

What is dissolution?

A

Is the dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption (from the GI tract) occurs

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18
Q

Difference between solid vs liquid forms?

A

Tablets, capsule or powder vs solution or suspension

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19
Q

Fastest to slowest absorption?

A 
Buccal tablets
Liquids
Suspension
Powders
Capsules
Tablets
Coated Tablets
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20
Q

What is faster, IV or Subcutaneous?

A

IV

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21
Q

What is faster? Subcutaneous or Deltoid?

A

Subcutaneous

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22
Q

Definition for Absorption?

A

What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues.

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23
Q

What is Bio-availability?

A

The amount of drug available after passing through the liver.

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24
Q

Intraarterial time for activation?

A

1 minute

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25
If a drug is absorbed through the GI, it must pass through what before it reaches the circulatory system?
Liver
26
If a drug goes through IV, how much bioavailability do you have?
100% because it does not pass through the liver
27
Buccal routes bypass the
liver
28
What is Distribution?
The movement of a drug to the body tissues. Drugs lipid solubility and ionization - blood -brain barrier. Perfusion of the reactive tissue Placenta/Breast Milk Blood Flow
29
The liver is the single most important site for
biotransfomation (metabolism) Is the first pass effect.
30
The liver helps break down
medicines
31
The liver helps to prevent
medications from causing adverse effects on the body.
32
What is Excretion?
Removal of drugs from the body
33
Excretion: Role of kidney?
Most important role in excretion of medication
34
What is Half-Life?
The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half the peak level
35
Half-Life is affected by
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
36
What is Pharmacodynamics?
The science of dealing with interactions between living organism and foreign chemicals. Each living system has chemical reactions. When other chemicals added, other effects occur
37
What are some drug actions?
Replace or act as a sub for missing chemicals Increase certain cellular activities Depress cellular activities Interfere with functioning of foreign cells CANNOT ADD CELLS
38
What are receptor sites?
React to certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cells. This includes Agonists, Noncompetitive Antagonists, Competitive Antagonists
39
What happens in a Agonist interaction with receptor site on cell?
An agonist that binds to receptor sites and procedures an effect
40
What happens with Competitive Antagonism?
An antagonisst of Drug A that binds to the same receptor site as Drug A and prevents Drug A from binding
41
What happens with Noncompetitive Antagonism?
A competitive antagonist of Drug-A that binds to different receptor sites from Drug A but still prevents Drug A from binding
42
What is cumulative effect?
When you absorb more medicine than you excrete. This is due to decrease kidney function or liver disease.
43
Drugs should be taken this many hours apart
At least two hours apart. These drugs compete at sites of absorption, during distribution, bio-transformation, excretion, or at the site of action.
44
Adverse Reactions: Primary Actions
Overdose; extension of the desired effect
45
Adverse Reactions: Secondary Action
Undesired effects produced in addition to the pharmacologic effect
46
Adverse Reactions: Hypersensitivity Reactions
Excessive response to primary or secondary effect of drug
47
What is an anaphylactic Reaction?
Exaggerated response of body's immune system
48
Anaphylactic Reaction treatment
Re-establish airway Oxygen therapy Epinephrine to raise blood pressure Diphenhydramine to block additional release of histamine
49
Controlled Substances: C-I
High abuse, no medical use, severe physical and psychological dependency potential - heroin
50
Controlled Substances: C-II
High abuse, severe physical and psychological dependency potential - hydrocodone
51
Controlled Substances: C-III
Moderate to low physical or high psychological - codeine with acetaminophen
52
Controlled Substances: C-IV
Limited physical or psychological - diazepam
53
Controlled Substances: C-V
Limited physical or psychological - OTC - meds for diarrhea with limited opioid controlled substances
54
What is Teratogenicity?
Any drug that causes harm to the developing fetus or embryo
55
What is PLLR?
Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule
56
At what age can children metabolize drugs as well as adults?
Age 12
57
As you get older, what happens to the kidneys?
Decrease in blood flow to kidneys and flomerular filtration rate (GFR)
58
As you get older, what happens to the gastrointestinal?
Gastric pH and emptying intestinal absorption and peristalsis
59
As you get older, what happens to the Liver?
Decrease in blood flow to the liver and enzyme production
60
As you get older, what happens to the circulatory system?
Decrease in Cardiac output and tissue perfusion
61
African american response to diuretics?
Better to diuretics than b eta blockers and ace inhibitors
62
1 lb = ? oz
16 oz
63
2 pt = ? qt
1
64
4 qt = ? gal
1
65
16 oz = ? pt = ? cup
1 = 2
66
32 tbsp = ? pt
1
67
3 tsp = ? tbsp
1
68
60 drops (gtt) = ? tsp
1

NRSG 106: Pharmacology (14 decks)

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