Exam #1 Medications Flashcards
baclofen
(muscle relaxants)
Indication:
*spasticity
* due to multiple sclerosiss
* spinal cord injury
* cerebral palsy
Side effects:
* hypotension
* dizziness
* drowsiness
* fatigue
* weakness
Administration:
* PO: take with food
* Intrathecal
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* hypersensitivity
* category C
dantrolene
(muscle relaxants)
**Indication: **
*spasticity
* spinal cord injury
* multiple sclerosis
* cerebral palsy
* malignant hyperthermia
Side effects:
* hepatotoxicity
* drowsiness
* dizziness
* weakness
* diarrhea
Administration: PO, IV
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* estrogen may increase hepatotoxicity (oral contraceptives)
* category C
phenytoin
(anticonvulsant)
Indications:
* tonic-clonic seizures
* partial seizures
Side effects:
* drowsiness
* gingival hyperplasia
* Steven-Johnson Syndrom
* nystagmus (toxicity)
Administration:
* PO: take with food, educate oral hygiene
* IV: administer slowly
* Extended release: should not be crushed
* do not give w milk
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* Grape fruit can increase drug levels
* category D
* decreses effects of hormonal bc
carbamazepine
(anticonvulsants)
Indications:
* treatment of tonic-colonic
* partial seizures
* mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder
Side effects:
* hepatotoxicity
* ataxia
* drowsiness
* Steven-Johnson Syndrome
Administration:
* PO: take with food
* IV
* Extended release should not be crushed
* do not give w milk
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* category D
* Grapefruit juice can increase drug level
* decreases hormonal bc effects
Valproic Acid
(anticonvulsants)
Indications:
* treats all seizure types
* mania in bipolar disorder
* prevents migraine
Side effects:
* Hepatotoxicity
* drousiness
* dizziness
* bleeding
Administration:
* PO: take with food
* Extended release: do not break
* do not give with milk or carbonated drinks
Contraindications/ precautions:
* category C
lidocaine
(local anesthesia)
Indications:
* local anesthesia
* topical application to relieve pain
Side effects:
* drowsiness
* dizziness
* confusion
* CNS toxicity
Administration:
* IV: administered slowly
* Toplical/Local
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* category B
* Previous allergy to other amide-type anesthetics
* Do not use viscous form in children under 3
midazolam
(Benzodiazepines)
Indications:
* sedation before general anesthesia
* conscious sedation
Side effects:
* drowsiness
* dizziness
* amnesia (memory loss)
* cardiac or respiratory arrest
* hypotension (if administered rapidly)
Administration:
* PO: (rare)
* IV: short term proceduers
* IM: administer slowly
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* category D
fentanyl
(opioids)
Indications:
* supplement to general anesthesia
* used with skeletal muscle relaxant as anesthesia for high risk patients
Side effects:
* sedation
* nausea
* dizziness
* respiratory and/ or circulatory depression
Administration:
*administer naloxone for overdose
* IV: administer slowly
* stick lozenges
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* category C
amphetamine
(CNS stimulant)
schedule II
Indications:
* ADHD
* Narcolepsy
Side effects:
* hyperactivity
* insomnia
* restlessness
Administration:
* PO: XR
* take am
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* hypersensitivity,
* history cardiovascular disease
* category C
methylphenidate
(CNS stimulant)
schedule II
Indication:
* treatment of ADHD
* Narcolepsy
Side effects:
* hyperactivity,
* insomnia
* restlessness
Administration:
* PO:
* * XR: taken am. do not crush
* * Immediate release: take in am
Contraindications/ Precautions:
* hypersensitivity
* history of cardiovascular disease
* category C
dextroamphetamine
(CNS stimulant)
schedule II
Indication:
* ADHD
* narcolepsy
Side effects:
* tachycardia
* nervousness
* insomnia
Administration:
* take in am
* PO:
* * XR: do not crush
Contraindications/Precautions:
* category C
* hypersensitivity
* history cardiovascular disease
memantine
(NMDA receptor antagonist)
Indication:
* Alzheimers disease
Side effects:
* dizziness
* constipation
* hypertension
* renal imparment
Administration:
* PO: w/wo food
* XR: 1 time a day (do not crush)
* immediate release: bid
Contraindications/Precautions:
* category b
* monitor renal funtion
donepezil
(Cholinergics)
Indication:
* Alzheimers disease
Side eddects:
* nausea
* diarrhea
* insomnia
Administration:
* take before bed
* PO
Contraindications/Precautions:
* be cautions w history of GI ulcers or bleeding
