Exam 1 Material : Renal UTI

Question 1

What bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs?

Answer 1

E. Coli

Question 2

Upper UTIs affect which parts of the Renal system?

Answer 2

Ureters and kidney

Question 3

Lower UTIs affect which parts of the Renal System?

Answer 3

Urethra and bladder.

Question 4

True or false? UTI is more common in men than women?

Answer 4

False. More common in women.

Question 5

What are the antibacterial features of the urinary tract?

Answer 5

Acidic pH (<6)

High Urea concentration

Glycoproteins interfering with bacterial growth

Question 6

What are the risk factors for UTIs?

Answer 6

Obstruction (tumor, renal caculi, stricture, BPH)

Urinary retention

Renal impairment

Female gender (Shorter urethra and closer to anus )

Pregnancy, aging, HIV, DM

Sexual intercourse

Catheters (Foley, nephrostomy tube)

Instrumentation (cystoscopy, surgery)

Obesity

Fistula into the bladder

Urinary Retention

Poor hygiene

Having multiple sexual partners.

Immunocompromised
Ie: HIV, Age, Diabetes

Question 7

What are the clinical manifestation for Lower UTI?

Answer 7

Dysuria (painful urination), frequency, urgency

Suprapubic discomfort or pain

Cloudy urine, hematuria, sediment

Incomplete emptying of the bladder

Incontinence, nocturia

Some are asymptomatic

Question 8

What is the hallmark sign of an UTI for older patients?

Answer 8

Sudden Changes in their mental status

Question 9

What are the clinical manifestations for Upper UTI?

Answer 9

Clinical manifestations of Lower UTI and Fever, chills, and Flank pain

Question 10

True or false. UTI for older patients can progress to urosepsis?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are some assessment questions that a nurse can ask for possible UTI?

Answer 11

Any painful urinating?

Any burning while peeing?

Any frequency/urgency?

Any incontinence?

Urine smells foul?

Suprapubic area feels tender?

Question 12

What are the diagnostic tests for UTI?

Answer 12

UA to detect for any bacteria, WBC, RBC, and leukocyte esterase

Urine culture and sensitivity for searching for any antibiotic resistance from the pathogen

CT and Ultrasound are used only if obstruction is suspected or if there is recurrent UTI .

Question 13

True or false. Need for a urine sample is indicative to do a urine catheterization.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

What drugs can be given for UTIs?

Answer 14

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Phenazopyridine = Urinary tract analgesic (helps relieve burning sensation when peeing) (This medicine turns pee red/orange_

Question 15

True or false. A patient does not need to finish their antibiotic regimen since he or she is feeling okay.

Answer 15

False. Always finish antibiotic regiment.

Question 16

What are the non-pharm care that can be done for UTI patients?

Answer 16

Adequate fluid intake

Early removal of Foley catheters (nursing care)

Aseptic technique when inserting catheters (nursing care)

Hand hygiene, gloves, perineal hygiene (nursing care)

Wipe from front to back (pt education)

Urinate frequently (every 3-4 hrs) (pt education)

Urinate before and after intercourse (pt education)

Avoid bladder irritants like caffeine, citrus juice, chocolate, and spicy foods.

Question 17

How to estimate how much fluids a patient needs per day?

Answer 17

Take the patients weight in pounds and then divide it by two. That will give you a rough estimate in how many ounces of water a patient needs per day.