Exam 1 Material : Fibromyalgia and Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is Fibromyalgia?
Neuroendocrine/Neurotransmitter dysregulation
It is a chronic disorder where there is widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness at trigger points in the body. Pain can be described as burning.
True or false? Men are more likely to develop Fibromyalgia.
False. Women are 4-10 times more likely
What can trigger Fibromyalgia?
Illness, stress, trauma
What are the clinical manifestations of Fibromyalgia?
Increased sensitivity to painful stimuli
Difficulty Concentrating, memory problems
Migraine headaches, depression, anxiety
Nonrestorative sleep, fatigue
Stiffness, paresthesias of hands and feet
Irritable bowel syndrome, increased urination
Difficulty swallowing
Worse symptoms during menstruation
What tests are done to diagnosis Fibromyalgia?
Pain in 11 of the 18 tender points
Widespread pain for at least 3 months
Other symptoms
Muscle biopsy ( fiber atrophy or moth eaten appearance)
Labs are first done to rule other possible causes then we look at the diagnostic criteria for Fibromyalgia
What drugs are used for Fibromyalgia?
Pregabalin (lyrica) and antidepressants (SSRIs)
DO NOT USE NSAIDS OR OPIOIDS. It won’t help with their pain at all.
What non-pharm care can be done for Fibromyalgia?
Rest, stress management, support group
Low impact exercise, PT
Limit sugar, caffeine, and alcohol. These are muscle irritants
Vitamins and mineral supplements
What is Osteoporosis ?
A disorder that causes porous bones by decreased bone mass and density.
This is due to the rate of bone resorption greater than bone deposition.
It is more common for osteoporosis to occur in women. What are the reasons for that?
Women tend to consume less calcium
Have less bone mass due to smaller frame
Begin bone resorption earlier and accelerated at menopause
Pregnancy and breastfeeding deplete reserves
Longer
`What are the risk factors of Osteoporosis?
Increasing age (>65)
Female gender
Low body weight
White or Asian ethnicity
Smoking, excessive alcohol
Nutritional deficit
Sedentary lifestyle
Movement stimulates bone remodeling
Menopause
Decreased levels of estrogen = Bone loss
Family history
Low Vitamin D intake
Remember Vitamin D helps calcium absorption in the small intestine and maintain vitamin D serum levels
Lack of diary intake
Corticosteroids
More from Long term usage.
For clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis, there is the acronym FRAIL. What does it stand for?
Fractures (hips, spine and wrist)
Round upper back (kyphosis)
Asymptomatic until fracture
Inches of height lost (2-3 inches from young adult height)
Low back, hip and neck pain.
What are the diagnostic tests for Osteoporosis?
Bone Scan (measures hip, spine, and forearm.) (Gold standard test)
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Quantitative ultrasound (measures heel, kneecap and shin)
What medicine can be given for osteoporosis?
Biphosphonates: Alendronate (Fosamx)
Take once a week with a full glass of water and 30 minutes before eating or other medications to prevent GI distrress.
What non-pharm care can be done for Osteoporosis?
Light and low impact exercise (has to be weight bearing exercise to encourage bone remodeling)
Fall and Fracture prevention
Calcium and Vitamin D supplements
