Exam 1 (Lecture 7) - Cell Accumulations 2

Question 1

What are the types of intracellular accumulations?

Answer 1

1) Pigment
2) Calcification
3) Melanin

Question 2

What are the types of extracellular accumulations?

Answer 2

1) Amyloid
2) Gout
3) Cholesterol

Question 3

What are the types of exogenous pigments?

Answer 3

1) Carbon
2) Silica
3) Asbestos

Question 4

What are the types of endogenous pigments?

Answer 4

1) Hb breakdown
- bilirubin
- biliverdin
2) Iron
- hemosiderin

Question 5

What endogenous pigments would you expect to see with heme breakdown?

Answer 5

1) Hemoglobin (red), bilirubin and hematoidin (yellow)

2) Hemosiderin (iron-based, brown pigment)

3) Lipofuscin (also iron-based pigment); the “wear and tear” pigment

Question 6

What are the sequential colors of a contusion (bruise) and what specifically accounts for each color?

Answer 6

1) Red = hemorrhage (oxygenated blood)

2) Purple = deoxygenated blood

3) Green = biliverdin

4) Yellow = bilirubin

5) Brown = hemosiderin (stays around the area for a LONG time)

Question 7

Where does the conversion of heme to biliverdin to bilirubin occur?

Answer 7

Within macrophages.

Question 8

Is melanin endogenous or exogenous? Where would you most likely see melanin? Distinguish between melanin and melanoma.

Answer 8

Melanin is an endogenous pigment.

Melanosis is seen in meninges, aorta, pleura, uterus of black cattle, black faced sheep, etc.

In order to call it melanoma, you also need to see neoplasia! (The presence of a mass/nodule/solid structure).

Question 9

Is hematin an endogenous or exogenous pigment? Give an an example of when you might see hematin.

Answer 9

Hematin is an endogenous pigment.

Is seen with fluke exhaust, for example when liver flukes are eating through liver tissue, they’re leaving hematin behind.

Question 10

What are some abnormal extracellular accumulations?

Answer 10

1) Gout
2) Cholesterol

Question 11

When or where might you see gout?

Answer 11

1) Urate crystals (tophi)
2) Periarticular
3) Degenerative joint disease

Question 12

What are the characteristics of cholesterol accumulation?

Answer 12

You would see this accumulation due to the breakdown of RBCs; would look like little glass crystals.

1) Acircular clefts
2) RBC membrane breakdown

Question 13

What species is gout typically seen in with veterinary medicine?

Answer 13

Birds and Reptiles

Question 14

What causes gout?

Answer 14

Failure of nitrogen metabolism

Question 15

What does periarticular gout feel like upon gross examination?

Answer 15

Like fine sand in the joint.