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Anti-infectives > Exam 1: Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

A
  1. caused by ingestion of enterotoxin in improperly stored foods
  2. pathogen = staphlococcus aereus
  3. Source = foods w/ high osmotic pressure or not cooked properly before eating
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2
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis organism

A

E. coli with toxic genes

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3
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis transmission

A

fecal-oral

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4
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis portal of entry

A

GI

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5
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Disease mechanism

A

LT/ST enterotoxins disrupt Cl channel

Shiga toxin inhibit protein synthesis of endothelial cells in intestine, kidney,brain

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6
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Signs and Symptoms

A

Water diarrhea = enterotoxin

Shiga toxin causes bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, kidney damage, intravascular clots

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7
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Diagnosis

A

Culture of organism and genetic characterization

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8
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Treatment

A

supportive
transfusion
dialysis
Antibiotics trigger release of Shiga Toxin

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9
Q

E. coli gastroenteritis Prevention

A

personal hygiene

cook food thoroughly

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10
Q

Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

H. Pylori produces ammonia, neutralized stomach acid….bacteria colonize stomach mucosa and cause peptic ulcer disease

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11
Q

How to detect H.Pylori infection

A

urease, enzyme used to detect in clinical exam

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12
Q

How to treat H.Pylori infection

A

Bismuth, combo antibiotics, acid suppressor all maybe useful in treating peptic ulcer disease

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13
Q

Clinical Outcomes of H.Pylori infection

A

> 80% = Asymptomatic or chronic gastritis
15-20% = Chronic atrophic gastritis intestinal metaplasia, Gastric or Duodenal ulcer
< 1% = Gastric cancer MALT lymphoma

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14
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A
  1. inflammation of liver caused by group of viruses that infect the liver
  2. A/B/C/D/E
  3. Leading cause of liver cancer
  4. Most common reason for liver transplant
  5. 4.4m Americans infect and most don’t know
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15
Q

Hep A

A 
Transmission: Fecal-oral
Classification: Picornaviridae, Linear SS-RNA
Incubation: 15-40 days
Chronic infection: No
Clinical outcomes: No
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16
Q

Hep B

A

Transmission: Bloodborne, sexual, vertical
Classification: Hepadnaviridae, Circular DS-DNA
Incubation: 60-180 days
Chronic infection: yes, 5%
Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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17
Q

Hep C

A

Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical
Classification: Flaviviridae
Incubation: 60 - 120 days
Chronic infection: yes, 80%
Clinical outcomes:Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

18
Q

Hep D

A 
Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical
Classification: Deltaviridae
Incubation: 60-180 days
Chronic infection: yes
Clinical outcomes: Co infection
19
Q

Hep E

A 
Transmission: Fecal-oral
Classification: Caliciviridae
Incubation: 21-42 days
Chronic infection: No
Clinical outcomes: No
20
Q

Hep info

A

1 in 5 w/ Hep C don’t know
No vaccine for Hep C, only Treatment
Viral hep can lead to liver damage/cancer
Hep B 100X more infectious than HIV

21
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver

22
Q

Acute Viral Hepatitis

A

Symptoms less than 6 months

23
Q

Acute Hepatic Failure

A

appearance of sever complications rapidly after 1st signs of liver disease, indicates live sustained severe damage

24
Q

Chronic Hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver for at least 6 months

25
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Replacement of liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue

leads to loss of liver function

26
Q

Fulminant Hepatitis

A

Sever impairment of hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the absence of preexisting liver disease

27
Q

Hep Disease Symptoms

A

Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms…

can include symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

28
Q

Hep C time line

A

Normal liver -> chronic hepatitis -> (20-25yrs) Cirrhosis -> (25-30yrs) HCC, ESLD, Death

29
Q

HSV-1 vs HSV-2

A 
1 = oral
2= genital
30
Q

HSV-2 Transmission

A

mainly during sex

usually transmitted in absence of symptoms

rare circumstances HSV-2 can transmit from mom to baby during delivery

31
Q

Signs HSV-2

A

often none/mild

when symptoms occur, characterized by genital or anal blisters or open sores called ulcer.

also include fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes

32
Q

most common STI in USA

A

Human Papillomavirus

HPV

33
Q

HPV transmission

A

through skin-skin contact, 30 types transmitted sexually

34
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

genital warts = symptoms of highly contagious STD

spread through direct skin to skin contact

35
Q

condyloma vs condlyomata

A
  • oma = single wart

- mata = multiple warts

36
Q

Condyloma means

A

knuckle-like growth

37
Q

Acuminaum means

A

pointed

38
Q

HPV test facts

A

no test to find HPV status

no approved test to find HO=PV in mouth or throat

39
Q

Who should get vaccinated HPV

A

Boys/girls 11 or 12

males through 21, girls through 26 if didn’t when younger

Gay/bi men through 26 yrs old

Men/women w/ compromised immune systems through age 26

40
Q

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer causes

A

HPV

non-enveloped DNA virus…40 types

41
Q

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer treatment

A

Topical interferon
surgical removal
cryotherapy

42
Q

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer prevention

A

Gardasil = vaccine

protected sex

Anti-infectives (7 decks)

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