Exam 1: Lecture 7 Flashcards
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
- caused by ingestion of enterotoxin in improperly stored foods
- pathogen = staphlococcus aereus
- Source = foods w/ high osmotic pressure or not cooked properly before eating
E. coli gastroenteritis organism
E. coli with toxic genes
E. coli gastroenteritis transmission
fecal-oral
E. coli gastroenteritis portal of entry
GI
E. coli gastroenteritis Disease mechanism
LT/ST enterotoxins disrupt Cl channel
Shiga toxin inhibit protein synthesis of endothelial cells in intestine, kidney,brain
E. coli gastroenteritis Signs and Symptoms
Water diarrhea = enterotoxin
Shiga toxin causes bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, kidney damage, intravascular clots
E. coli gastroenteritis Diagnosis
Culture of organism and genetic characterization
E. coli gastroenteritis Treatment
supportive
transfusion
dialysis
Antibiotics trigger release of Shiga Toxin
E. coli gastroenteritis Prevention
personal hygiene
cook food thoroughly
Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease
H. Pylori produces ammonia, neutralized stomach acid….bacteria colonize stomach mucosa and cause peptic ulcer disease
How to detect H.Pylori infection
urease, enzyme used to detect in clinical exam
How to treat H.Pylori infection
Bismuth, combo antibiotics, acid suppressor all maybe useful in treating peptic ulcer disease
Clinical Outcomes of H.Pylori infection
> 80% = Asymptomatic or chronic gastritis
15-20% = Chronic atrophic gastritis intestinal metaplasia, Gastric or Duodenal ulcer
< 1% = Gastric cancer MALT lymphoma
Viral Hepatitis
- inflammation of liver caused by group of viruses that infect the liver
- A/B/C/D/E
- Leading cause of liver cancer
- Most common reason for liver transplant
- 4.4m Americans infect and most don’t know
Hep A
Transmission: Fecal-oral Classification: Picornaviridae, Linear SS-RNA Incubation: 15-40 days Chronic infection: No Clinical outcomes: No
Hep B
Transmission: Bloodborne, sexual, vertical
Classification: Hepadnaviridae, Circular DS-DNA
Incubation: 60-180 days
Chronic infection: yes, 5%
Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hep C
Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical
Classification: Flaviviridae
Incubation: 60 - 120 days
Chronic infection: yes, 80%
Clinical outcomes:Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hep D
Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical Classification: Deltaviridae Incubation: 60-180 days Chronic infection: yes Clinical outcomes: Co infection
Hep E
Transmission: Fecal-oral Classification: Caliciviridae Incubation: 21-42 days Chronic infection: No Clinical outcomes: No
Hep info
1 in 5 w/ Hep C don’t know
No vaccine for Hep C, only Treatment
Viral hep can lead to liver damage/cancer
Hep B 100X more infectious than HIV
Hepatitis
Inflammation of liver
Acute Viral Hepatitis
Symptoms less than 6 months
Acute Hepatic Failure
appearance of sever complications rapidly after 1st signs of liver disease, indicates live sustained severe damage
Chronic Hepatitis
inflammation of liver for at least 6 months
Cirrhosis
Replacement of liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue
leads to loss of liver function
Fulminant Hepatitis
Sever impairment of hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the absence of preexisting liver disease
Hep Disease Symptoms
Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms…
can include symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Hep C time line
Normal liver -> chronic hepatitis -> (20-25yrs) Cirrhosis -> (25-30yrs) HCC, ESLD, Death
HSV-1 vs HSV-2
1 = oral 2= genital
HSV-2 Transmission
mainly during sex
usually transmitted in absence of symptoms
rare circumstances HSV-2 can transmit from mom to baby during delivery
Signs HSV-2
often none/mild
when symptoms occur, characterized by genital or anal blisters or open sores called ulcer.
also include fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes
most common STI in USA
Human Papillomavirus
HPV
HPV transmission
through skin-skin contact, 30 types transmitted sexually
Condyloma acuminatum
genital warts = symptoms of highly contagious STD
spread through direct skin to skin contact
condyloma vs condlyomata
- oma = single wart
- mata = multiple warts
Condyloma means
knuckle-like growth
Acuminaum means
pointed
HPV test facts
no test to find HPV status
no approved test to find HO=PV in mouth or throat
Who should get vaccinated HPV
Boys/girls 11 or 12
males through 21, girls through 26 if didn’t when younger
Gay/bi men through 26 yrs old
Men/women w/ compromised immune systems through age 26
Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer causes
HPV
non-enveloped DNA virus…40 types
Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer treatment
Topical interferon
surgical removal
cryotherapy
Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer prevention
Gardasil = vaccine
protected sex
