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Anti-infectives > Exam 1: Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth infectious diseases

A

Dental Caries
Herpes Simplex virus - Type 1
Infectious Mononucleosis

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2
Q

Skin Infectious diseases

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Strep throat
Acen vulgaris

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3
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

Facultatively anaerobic, gram positive coccus

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4
Q

Dental Caries

A

Tooth decay caused by specific types of bacteria that produce acid in the presence of fermentable carbs such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose

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5
Q

Process of tooth decay formation

A

sugar/starch + bacteria (germs) in plaque = Acid

Acid + Healthy tooth = tooth decay

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6
Q

What does S.mutans cause that can be lethal?

A

Endocarditis

colonize in heart, often heart valves and cause inflammation

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7
Q

Pathway of Herpes infection

A
  1. Herpesvirus enters the body
  2. Lies dormant in the nerves
  3. reactivated causing another outbreak
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8
Q

Primary (acute) herpetic gingiovstomatitis

A

Oral infection caused by HSV-1

Young children at risk for developing extensive oropharyngeal vesicular eruptions when 1st infected with virus

Lasts about 2 weeks, can cause issues eating/drinking but self-limiting disease

Anti-viral (acyclovir) proven effective management

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9
Q

Recurrent Herpetic gingiovostomatitis

A

usually more mild

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10
Q

Disease progression of Herpes Episode

A 
Tingling = 1 day
Redness = 1-2 days
Bumps = 1-2 days
Blisters = 2-3 days
Scabs = 5-7 days
Redness = 1-2 days
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11
Q

Kissing disease

A

Mononucleosis aka mono

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12
Q

Incubation period of mono?

A

4-6 weeks

spread by contact, usually via saliva

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13
Q

Mono info

A

self treatable usually

resolves within days to weeks

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14
Q

Some signs of mono

A
  1. Swollen Neck lymph nodes
  2. Erythema nodosum = skin rash
  3. Palatal petechiae (roof of mouth)
  4. Pharyngitis = swollen tonsils
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15
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

also known as Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)

one of 8 known Herpesvirus, most common viruses in humans

95% of adults in US have antibodies in blood for it

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16
Q

Complications of Mono

A

Splenomegaly = enlarged spleen

avoid contact sports during active mono illness and recovery because of possibility that the spleen can rupture due to it being swollen

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17
Q

Staphylococci

A

Gram +
31 species
lack spores and flagella
May have capsules
common inhabitant of skin and mucous membranes
spherical cells arranged in irregular clusters

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18
Q

Boils

A

most common S. aureus skin infection

infection of hair follicle or oil gland

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19
Q

Boils Symptoms

A

Redness, pus, swelling

20
Q

Boils Treatment

A

Drainage, keep skin clear, antibiotics

21
Q

MRSA symptoms

A

Red or tender skin around wound
swollen, painful, oozing boils

Doesn’t get better with typical antibiotics treatment

Serious symptoms: Fever, difficulty breathing, chills and chest pain

22
Q

Complications of MRSA

A

Often community-acquired, isolation is important

Sepsis can result if bacterial infection has invaded the bloodstream

23
Q

Streptococci

A

Gram +

Spherical/ovoid cocci arranged in long chains

Non-spore-forming

can form capsules and slime layers

facultative anaerobes

Do not form catalase

most parasitic forms are fastidious and req enriched media

small non-pigmented colonies

24
Q

Strep Throat Characteristics

A

spreads person-person contact

25
Q

Strep throat symptoms

A

Red sore throat, sometimes w/ white patches

fever, pain when swallowing, swollen neck glands

26
Q

Strep throat Treatment

A

penicillin
amoxicillin

take for 10 days

27
Q

How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is viral

A

Red/swollen tonsils
Red/swollen throat

Treat at home, gargle with salt water

28
Q

How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is strep

A 
Swollen uvula
White spots
Red/swollen tonsils 
Red/swollen throat
Gray/Furry tongue

go to urgent care/doctor immediately

29
Q

Acne Vulgaris Organsim

A

Propionbacterium acnes

Gram +, anaerobic rod

30
Q

Acne vulgaris Transmission

A

Direct contact, normal skin flora

31
Q

Acne vulgaris portal of entry

A

Hair follicles, skin pores

32
Q

Acne vulgaris Disease mechanism

A

blocked pores from overgrowth of epithelial cells and/or P.acnes can digest lipids and cause inflammation

33
Q

Acne vulgaris signs and symptoms

A

inflamed, swollen spots on face, chest back

34
Q

Acne vulgaris diagnosis

A

Clinical symptoms

35
Q

Acne vulgaris Treatment

A

topical retinoids, antibiotics

36
Q

Acne vulgaris prevention

A

personal hygiene

37
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of eyelid

38
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane lining eyelid and covering the eyeball

39
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent, fibrous outer layer of the anterior outer layer of the eye

40
Q

Keratitis

A

condition in which the eye’s cornea, the front part of the eye, becomes inflamed

41
Q

5 different types of conjunctivitis

A
  1. Bacterial = bacteria
  2. Viral = often associated with common cold
  3. Chlamydia = caused by STI
  4. Allergic = pollens, dust
  5. Reactive = cause by chemicals such as Chlorine
42
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A 
Common pathogens:
Staphylococcus aureus = most common
Streptococcus pneumonia
H. influenza
M. Catarrhalis
Signs/Symptoms:
Redness
Discharge in one eye or both
Matting of eye shut usually morning
purulent discharge throughout day, yellow/green/white
43
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis

A

Common pathogens:
Adenovirus - common

Signs/Symptoms:
Watery or mumcoserous discharge 
May be associated with URI symptoms
Burning
Sandy or gritty feeling in the eye
44
Q

Keratitis

A

painful inflammation and corneal infections

infections can reduce visual clarity, produce corneal discharges, and perhaps erode the cornea

can lead to possible corneal scarring, impairing vision and requiring corneal transplant

45
Q

3 Types of Keratitis

A

Pseudomonas
Staphylococcal
Fungal

Anti-infectives (7 decks)

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