Exam 1: Lecture 5 Flashcards
Mouth infectious diseases
Dental Caries
Herpes Simplex virus - Type 1
Infectious Mononucleosis
Skin Infectious diseases
Staphylococcus aureus
Strep throat
Acen vulgaris
Streptococcus mutans
Facultatively anaerobic, gram positive coccus
Dental Caries
Tooth decay caused by specific types of bacteria that produce acid in the presence of fermentable carbs such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose
Process of tooth decay formation
sugar/starch + bacteria (germs) in plaque = Acid
Acid + Healthy tooth = tooth decay
What does S.mutans cause that can be lethal?
Endocarditis
colonize in heart, often heart valves and cause inflammation
Pathway of Herpes infection
- Herpesvirus enters the body
- Lies dormant in the nerves
- reactivated causing another outbreak
Primary (acute) herpetic gingiovstomatitis
Oral infection caused by HSV-1
Young children at risk for developing extensive oropharyngeal vesicular eruptions when 1st infected with virus
Lasts about 2 weeks, can cause issues eating/drinking but self-limiting disease
Anti-viral (acyclovir) proven effective management
Recurrent Herpetic gingiovostomatitis
usually more mild
Disease progression of Herpes Episode
Tingling = 1 day Redness = 1-2 days Bumps = 1-2 days Blisters = 2-3 days Scabs = 5-7 days Redness = 1-2 days
Kissing disease
Mononucleosis aka mono
Incubation period of mono?
4-6 weeks
spread by contact, usually via saliva
Mono info
self treatable usually
resolves within days to weeks
Some signs of mono
- Swollen Neck lymph nodes
- Erythema nodosum = skin rash
- Palatal petechiae (roof of mouth)
- Pharyngitis = swollen tonsils
Epstein-Barr virus
also known as Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)
one of 8 known Herpesvirus, most common viruses in humans
95% of adults in US have antibodies in blood for it
Complications of Mono
Splenomegaly = enlarged spleen
avoid contact sports during active mono illness and recovery because of possibility that the spleen can rupture due to it being swollen
Staphylococci
Gram +
31 species
lack spores and flagella
May have capsules
common inhabitant of skin and mucous membranes
spherical cells arranged in irregular clusters
Boils
most common S. aureus skin infection
infection of hair follicle or oil gland
Boils Symptoms
Redness, pus, swelling
Boils Treatment
Drainage, keep skin clear, antibiotics
MRSA symptoms
Red or tender skin around wound
swollen, painful, oozing boils
Doesn’t get better with typical antibiotics treatment
Serious symptoms: Fever, difficulty breathing, chills and chest pain
Complications of MRSA
Often community-acquired, isolation is important
Sepsis can result if bacterial infection has invaded the bloodstream
Streptococci
Gram +
Spherical/ovoid cocci arranged in long chains
Non-spore-forming
can form capsules and slime layers
facultative anaerobes
Do not form catalase
most parasitic forms are fastidious and req enriched media
small non-pigmented colonies
Strep Throat Characteristics
spreads person-person contact
Strep throat symptoms
Red sore throat, sometimes w/ white patches
fever, pain when swallowing, swollen neck glands
Strep throat Treatment
penicillin
amoxicillin
take for 10 days
How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is viral
Red/swollen tonsils
Red/swollen throat
Treat at home, gargle with salt water
How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is strep
Swollen uvula White spots Red/swollen tonsils Red/swollen throat Gray/Furry tongue
go to urgent care/doctor immediately
Acne Vulgaris Organsim
Propionbacterium acnes
Gram +, anaerobic rod
Acne vulgaris Transmission
Direct contact, normal skin flora
Acne vulgaris portal of entry
Hair follicles, skin pores
Acne vulgaris Disease mechanism
blocked pores from overgrowth of epithelial cells and/or P.acnes can digest lipids and cause inflammation
Acne vulgaris signs and symptoms
inflamed, swollen spots on face, chest back
Acne vulgaris diagnosis
Clinical symptoms
Acne vulgaris Treatment
topical retinoids, antibiotics
Acne vulgaris prevention
personal hygiene
Conjunctivitis
known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of eyelid
Conjuctiva
Mucous membrane lining eyelid and covering the eyeball
Cornea
Transparent, fibrous outer layer of the anterior outer layer of the eye
Keratitis
condition in which the eye’s cornea, the front part of the eye, becomes inflamed
5 different types of conjunctivitis
- Bacterial = bacteria
- Viral = often associated with common cold
- Chlamydia = caused by STI
- Allergic = pollens, dust
- Reactive = cause by chemicals such as Chlorine
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus = most common Streptococcus pneumonia H. influenza M. Catarrhalis
Signs/Symptoms: Redness Discharge in one eye or both Matting of eye shut usually morning purulent discharge throughout day, yellow/green/white
Viral Conjunctivitis
Common pathogens:
Adenovirus - common
Signs/Symptoms: Watery or mumcoserous discharge May be associated with URI symptoms Burning Sandy or gritty feeling in the eye
Keratitis
painful inflammation and corneal infections
infections can reduce visual clarity, produce corneal discharges, and perhaps erode the cornea
can lead to possible corneal scarring, impairing vision and requiring corneal transplant
3 Types of Keratitis
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcal
Fungal
