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2025 Anesthesia > Exam 1: Lecture 5: Monitoring Anesthetic Depth > Flashcards

Exam 1: Lecture 5: Monitoring Anesthetic Depth Flashcards

1
Q

What is general anesthesia

A
  • both loss of consciousness and sensation
  • include muscle relaxation, analgesia, suppression of stress response and hypnosis
  • Reversible process
  • May be produced by 1 drug or many
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2
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

+ reaction to surgical stimulation
+ palpebral reflex
Normal to dilated eye and pupil reflex

A

Stage I

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3
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

normal to decreased jaw tone
normal to increased HR
normal to increased RR

A

Stage I

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4
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

+ reaction to surgical stimulation
+ reaction to palpebral relfex
Decreased pupil size

A

Stage II

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5
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

tense jaw tone
increased HR
increased RR

A

Stage II

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6
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

+- reaction to surgical stimulation
+ palpebral reflex
third eyelid elevated

A

Stage III
Plane I

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7
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

Slight decrease in jaw tone
normal to increased HR
normal to increased RR

A

Stage III
Plane I

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8
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • reaction to surgical stimulation
  • palpebral reflex
    third eyelid elevated
A

Stage III
Plane 2, 3 and 4

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9
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

Mild decrease in jaw tone
normal to decreased HR
normal to decreased RR

A

Stage III
Plane 2 and 3

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10
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

large decrease in jaw tone
decrease in HR
Abdominal slow / shallow

A

Stage III
Plane 4

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11
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

Dilated / large pupils
Apnea
Cardiac arrest

A

Stage IV

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12
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • defined as the time from the start of administration of induction drugs until loss of consciousness
  • stage of voluntary movement
  • able to initially turn or lift head without support
A

Stage 1

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13
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Some analegesia present
  • Progressive ataxia = lateral recumbancu
  • If patient is excited (little premed effect) = struggle , breath holding, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation due to epinephrine release, defecation, urination and salvation
  • Most variable stage
A

Stage 1

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14
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Struggling or exaggerated reaction to stimuli
  • vomiting or regurgation can occur / salivation
  • Laryngospasm
  • Dilated pupils / nystagmus (common in horses)
  • increased ororregular respiratory pattern . breath holding
A

Stage II

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15
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Increased heart rate / arrhythmias due to catecholamine release
  • Active palpebral reflex
  • tight anal sphincter
  • jaw tone present
  • may vocalize
A

Stage 2

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16
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • can be characterized as stage of delirium and involuntary movement and lasts from loss of consciousness to onset or regular breathing pattern
A

Stage 2

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17
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Stage of surgical anesthesia
A

Stage 3

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18
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Stage of surgical anesthesia due to level of unconsciousness with progressive depression of reflexes, muscle relaxation and slow, regular breathing patterns
  • Vomiting (by plane I) and Swallowing (by plane 2) reflexes abloshed
  • Loss of Jaw tone
A

Stage 3

19
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • May also be called a light plane of anesthesia
  • persists until eyeballs movement stops
  • Minimally invasive / painful procedure (ex: biopsy, would closure)
A

Stage 3
Plane 1

20
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • May also be called a medium plane of anesthesia
  • characterized by progressive intercostal paralysis
  • respiration and heart rate stabilized
  • Sluggish palpebral reflex
A

Stage III
Plane 2

21
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Strong corneal reflex
  • Adequate muscle relaxation and analgesia
  • Abolished laryngeal reflexes
A

Stage III
Plane 2

22
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Most surgical procedures performed at this plane (light plane of surgical anesthesia)
A

Stage III
Plane 2

23
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • May also be called deep plane of anesthesia or deep plane of surgical anesthesia
A

Stage III
Plane 3

24
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Decreased HR
  • Slow, shallow abdominal breathing pattern (Diaphragmatic Respiration)
  • No jaw tone
  • No reaction to surgical stimulation, profound muscle relaxation
  • Pupil progressively dilated and central
A

Stage 3
Plane 3

25
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Gone way too far and need to lighten up quickly
  • Pupils dilated
  • Hypotension processing to shock
  • Slow CRT
  • Slow and irregular respirations
  • Lack of muscle tone
  • NO anal sphincter tone
A

Stage 3
Plane 4

26
Q

Which anesthesia level is described? If there is a plane also indicate that.

  • Gone way too far
  • Extreme CNS depression = anesthetic overdose
  • Pale to white mucous membrane (equal to or greater than 3 seconds)
  • Respiratory arrest followed by cardiac arrest
  • Central, widely dilated pupils
  • Absent ocular reflexes
  • Flaccid Muscle tone
  • Death unless swift intervention
A

Plane 3
Stage 4

27
Q

What should be checked during surgery to monitor depth of anesthesia?

A
  • Ocular signs
  • Jaw tone
  • Anal reflex
  • Pedal reflex: tail / ear pinch or ear flick
  • Overall muscle tone or degree of patient relaxation
28
Q

When following ocular signs during anesthesia what should be checked

A
  • palpebral relfex
  • eye position
  • lacrimation
  • nystagmus
  • Corneal reflex
29
Q

Why should you place lubrication ointment in the eyes during surgery?

A

To keep the eyes lubricated if they stay open
- this will prevent corneal ulcers
- may need to reapply during surgery if they keep drying out

30
Q

What is the goral for a surgical anesthesia plane

A
  • relaxed jaw tone
  • mild to no palpebral reflex
  • ventral medial eye rotation
  • relaxed anal tone
  • smooth and regular respiratory pattern
  • normal heart rate
  • no swalloing, coughing, vomiting or laryngospasm
31
Q

What species will lacrimate in light stages of anesthesia?
- eyes stay central instead of ventral medual eye rotation
- Nystagmus in Stage II
- corneal refelx persists into deeper anesthesia plane

A

Horses

32
Q

What species may go into laryngospasm and / or may cough, swallow and vomiting relfex until they reach a deeper plane of anesthesia?

A

Cats

33
Q

What species have a consistent and reliable eyeball rotation during anesthesia?

A

cattle

34
Q

What species can you observe the feet, ears, muzzle for pallor or cyanosis?
- pedal reflex

A

Rodents

35
Q

What species can you examine the comb and or wattle for pallor
- vent reflex

A

Poultry

36
Q

What species can you use the color of light reflected from the eyes to determine circulation status?

A

Rabbits

37
Q

What are some factors that make monitoring depth of anesthesia difficult?

A

Drugs
oxygenation adequacy
CO2 retention
Physical status

38
Q

What drug may cause typical eye signs not to be produced during anesthesia?

A

Ketamine

39
Q

What drug may cause no analgesia or apnea during anesthesia?

A

Propofol

40
Q

What is the role of an Anesthetic gas analyzer during anesthesia?

A
  • Measure the depth of anesthesia
  • used to perform minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) studies in may species
41
Q

As the Bispectral index (BIS) what does it mean as the BIS level goes closer to 90?

A

the patient is in the process of waking up

42
Q

How long should a patient be closely monitored in recovery

A

Making sure until animal has close to normal body temperature, able to set up, and aware of surroundings

43
Q

What stage of recovery may be difficult due to delirium/dysphoria, especially in equine patients during recovery from surgery?

A

Stage II

44
Q

What can be given to horses that is used to sedate that is an inhalant anesthesia recovery and stimulation is minimized (quite, dark room)

A

Alpha 2 agonist

2025 Anesthesia (6 decks)

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