Exam 1 lecture 4 Flashcards
The inferior mediastinum has how many parts
3
Anterior, posterior, middle
How many layers of pericardium do we have?
How many of them are visceral and parietal
3 layers
1 visceral
2 parietal
How many phrenic nerves do we have
2, one on each side of the diaphragm.
Each side of the diaphragm can operate independently of each other
The Esophagus sits next to what main vessel
Descending aorta
Where does the right vagus nerve innervate at
Is it a PNS or SNS comment, and what does that mean
SA node
PNS
Tells the heart to put the brakes on or slow down
Where does the left vagus nerve innervate at
Is it PNS or SNS
AV node
PNS- applies the brakes to the HR
What would the HR be with no PNS involvement and the nodes were allowed to go wild
HR would be around 110
How many layers of pericardial tissues do we have?
Name them
3 layers
visceral pericardium
Parietal layer
Fibrous layer
Which layer of pericardium sits most superficial and is very tough? If blood leaks underneath this layer, it will not expand and not be good for the heart
Fibrous layer
Which layer is considered serous, has a strong attachment to the superior fibrous layer
Pareital layer
Which layer is very thin, sits directly on top of the heart and is considered a serous layer
Visceral pericardium
What is the tendon platform that the heart sits directly on top of
Central tendon
What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus
The ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal artery connecting the aorta and the main lung artery (pulmonary artery). The ductus allows blood to detour away from the lungs before birth.
which valve is the bicuspid valve
Mitral
Label the valves
Weird question I know…….
Can you have a bicuspid aortic valve?
yes 1-2% of people have it
Will you have an increased or decreased valve opening with a bicuspid valve
Decreased opening size
A normal aortic valve comes into contact with what 2 arteries
RCA and LCA
Which cusp of the aortic valve is not connected to a coronary artery?
The posterior cusp also called
NCC non coronary cusp
What is the important electrical insulator between the top and bottom half of the heart
Cartilaginous ring
What rattles during the 3rd heart sound in a sick heart
Cartilaginous ring
Kids’ hearts are able to accommodate _______ compared to adults
Less
They dont handle excess volume to well
What is the opening in the cartilaginous ring that allows communication between the top and bottom parts of the heart
Opening for the bundle of his
How do pediatric hearts compensate for increased venous return? How is that different than adults
Kids will increase HR
Adults increase SV