exam 1 - LAB

Question 1

• True or False: The vertical axis units are the same for each channel in Biopac

Answer 1

False.

The vertical axis units are not always the same for each channel in Biopac. Different channels may record different physiological signals (e.g., muscle activity, heart rate, etc.) and thus may use different units, such as millivolts (mV) for EMG or blood pressure in mmHg.

Question 2

When using Biopac to analyze data in labs, what cursor type (see image below) should be used to highlight a section for the purposes of measuring data?

Answer 2

Cursor Type in Biopac:
* When analyzing data, use the “I-beam” cursor to highlight a section of the data to measure or select regions in Biopac.

Question 3

To find: (maximum peak value – minimum peak value) in a selected region when analyzing data in Biopac, which measurement tool can be used?

Answer 3

• To find the difference between the maximum and minimum peak values in a selected region, use the “P-P” (Peak-to-Peak) measurement tool.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about assessing muscle function in the lab? (EMG measures what?) activity generated by motor neuron potentials.

Answer 4

• EMG measures the electrical activity generated by motor neurons and muscles, specifically the action potentials that occur during muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the role of motor units when passively holding an object for a short period of time?

Answer 5

• When passively holding an object, smaller motor units are often recruited to maintain the position, and these units are activated intermittently to prevent fatigue.

Question 6

Which of the following is/are TRUE when actively lifting a heavy object?

Answer 6

• Actively lifting a heavy object requires the recruitment of larger motor units in addition to smaller ones for the greater force required.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are FALSE about muscle fatigue?

Answer 7

• Muscle fatigue involves a decline in muscle force generation despite continued effort. FALSE - statements may relate to misunderstandings about the causes of fatigue, such as its relationship to ATP depletion or lactic acid buildup.

Question 8

Which of the selected regions (in the image below) can be used to accurately measure EMG signal during muscle contraction with the MEAN measurement tool?

Answer 8

• Use the Mean measurement tool to measure a selected region of the EMG signal during muscle contraction.

IMAGE B

Question 9

According to the EMG lab, which one of the following graphs (see image below) shows motor unit recruitment and fatigue, respectively?

Answer 9

• Motor unit recruitment shows a gradual increase in EMG amplitude as more units are recruited to sustain contraction.
• Fatigue appears as a gradual decrease in amplitude over time as muscle fibers tire.

Question 10

Which of the following is/are FALSE about EKG?

Answer 10

• Understanding of EKG (ECG) signals, such as the relationship between the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, and how they correlate to cardiac cycle events, is key. Some misconceptions may involve timing or interpretation of these components.

Question 11

Which of the following is/are TRUE about the relationship of EKG components to events in the cardiac cycle?

Answer 11

• The P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex corresponds to ventricular depolarization, and the T wave shows ventricular repolarization. These events are tied to phases of systole and diastole.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is/are FALSE about the expected effects of various conditions on cardiac activity?

Answer 12

• Various conditions like exercise, temperature, and medications can influence heart rate and EKG readings. False statements would misrepresent the physiological responses.

Question 13

Which of the following techniques can be used to measure blood pressure? (choose most specific answer)

Answer 13

• Blood pressure can be measured using a sphygmomanometer and listening for Korotkoff sounds with a stethoscope. Other methods include automated blood pressure cuffs.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are FALSE about Korotkoff sounds, blood flow, and pressure?

Answer 14

• Korotkoff sounds indicate turbulent blood flow during blood pressure measurement. False statements may involve incorrect interpretation of when these sounds occur relative to systole and diastole.

Question 15

Which of the following is/are FALSE about blood pressure measurements?
The answer will involve knowing about mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and stroke volume.

Answer 15

• False statements may involve misunderstandings about how blood pressure relates to mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure, and stroke volume.