Exam #1: Intro. Self Study

Question 1

What are the five major subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 1

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 2

What is the telencephalon?

Answer 2

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 3

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

Question 4

What is the mesencephalon?

Answer 4

Cerebral peduncles

• Tegmentum
• Crus cerebri

Tectum= superior & inferior colliculi

Question 5

What is the metencephalon?

Answer 5

Pons

Cerebellum

Question 6

What is the myelencephalon?

Answer 6

Medulla oblongata

Question 7

What is the brainstem?

Answer 7

Medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon
Pons

Question 8

How do you know the difference between gray & white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 8

Gray= central butterfly 
White= what surrounds the butterfly

Question 9

What is the difference between ventral & dorsal in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Dorsal= toward the spinous processes
Ventral= toward the vertebral bodies 

Dorsal= tips of the wings of the butterfly

Question 10

Functionally, what is the difference between dorsal & ventral in the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Dorsal= sensory 
Ventral= motor

Question 11

What is contained in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Cell bodies of neurons involved in somatic motor function

Question 12

What is contained in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

Cell bodies of “preganglionic” neurons involved in the SNS & PNS

Question 13

What is contained in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

Central processes of unipolar neurons of DRG

Question 14

What is the difference between a protoplasmic astrocyte & a fibrous astrocyte?

Answer 14

Location:

Protoplasmic= gray matter 
Fibrous= white matter

Question 15

What is an ependymal cell?

Answer 15

Cells that form the simple cuboidal epithelium that lines the central canal of the spinal cord & ventricles of the brain

Question 16

Generally, how does the organization of the autonomic nervous system differ from somatic?

Answer 16

Somatic= 1 neuron directly innervating tissue

Autonomic= 2 neurons (pre-synaptic & post-synaptic)

Question 17

How does the organization of the SNS differ from the PNS?

Answer 17

SNS= short pre-synaptic & long post-synpatic

PNS= long pre-synaptic & short post-synpatic

Question 18

Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic SNS neurons located?

Answer 18

Lateral horn of T1-L2

Question 19

Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic PNS neurons located?

Answer 19

Brain (axons are cranial nerves III, VII, IX, & X)

Lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord (S2-4)

Question 20

Define arcuate.

Answer 20

Arc-like, resembles a segment of a circle

Question 21

Define column.

Answer 21

A large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several “fasiculi”
- Also called a “funiculus”

Question 22

Define commissure.

Answer 22

Bundle of nerve fibers that runs horizontally

Question 23

Define cortex.

Answer 23

Periphery of a structure i.e. opposite of medulla

Question 24

Define exteroceptor.

Answer 24

Sensory receptor providing information about the external environment to the CNS

Question 25

Define fasiculus.

Answer 25

A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers in the CNS

Question 26

Define fiber.

Answer 26

A long thin structure; an axon or collection of axon

Question 27

Define fovea.

Answer 27

Depression or pit

Question 28

Define funiculus.

Answer 28

Also called a column, a large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several "fasiculi"

Question 29

Define glomerulus.

Answer 29

Structure with a spherical configuration

Question 30

Define infundibulum.

Answer 30

Funnel-like structure

Question 31

Define interoreceptor.

Answer 31

A sensory receptor that provides info to the CNS about the internal environment

Question 32

Define lamina.

Answer 32

A layer of specific material such as the layering of nerve cell bodies in the spinal cord

Question 33

Define neurite.

Answer 33

Term for the extensions of neurons i.e. a collective term for dendrites & axons

Question 34

Define neuropil.

Answer 34

Complex of axons, dendrites, and processes of neuroglia that form a web-like network between nerve cell bodies of the gray matter

Question 35

Define nucleus.

Answer 35

A collection of nerve cell bodies

Question 36

Define operculum.

Answer 36

A cover or lid

Question 37

Define peduncle.

Answer 37

Massive collection of nerve fiber bundles that connect the cerebrum & cerebellum to the brainstem

Question 38

Define perikaryon.

Answer 38

Cell body of a neuron

Question 39

Define plexus.

Answer 39

Arrangement of nerve fibers that serve a specific region

Question 40

Define raphe.

Answer 40

A seam or midline structure

Question 41

Define tract.

Answer 41

A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers within the CNS

Question 42

What side of the body does the motor cortex control movement of?

Answer 42

Opposite/ contralateral

Question 43

What side of the body does the sensory cortex receive input from?

Answer 43

Opposite/ contralateral

Question 44

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

Answer 44

Same/ ipsalateral