Exam 1 - Infection Control

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract flora

Answer 1

Normal flora is aerobic, gram + cocci, actinomycetes, anaerobic bacteria and candidal species

Question 2

Flora of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Answer 2

gram + aerobic streptococci and anaerobes

Children may have H influenzae

Adults have Staph aureus

Normal flora is limited by the presence of ciliated respiratory epithelium

Question 3

Maxillofacial skin flora

Answer 3

staph epidermidis and C. diphtheriae dominate

Question 4

Nonmaxillofacial flora

Answer 4

below clavicles comprises gradually increasing numbers of AEROBIC gram NEGATIVE and anaerobic enteric organisms

Question 5

Hepatitis viruses A, B, C and D

Answer 5

responsible for most infectious hepatitis

Question 6

Hep A spreads by?

Answer 6

contact with feces of infected individuals

Question 7

Hep C spreads by?

Answer 7

Feces or contaminated blood

Question 8

Hep B and D spreads by?

Answer 8

contact with any human secretions

Question 9

How to inactivate the virus?

Answer 9

halogen-containing disinfectants, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide gas, heat sterilization and irradiation

Question 10

Mycobacterial organisms (M. Tuberculosis) transmission

Answer 10

Transmitted primarily through exhaled aerosols

Question 11

Antiseptic and disinfectants

Answer 11

antiseptics - applied to living tissue to prevent multiplication of organisms capable of causing infection

Disinfectants - designed for use on inanimate objects

Question 12

Sterility

Answer 12

freedom from viable forms of microorganisms

Question 13

Sanitization

Answer 13

reduction of the number of viable microorganisms to levels judged safe by public health standards

Question 14

Decontamination

Answer 14

similar to sanitization

Question 15

Sterilization with heat (Dry Heat)

Answer 15

advantage - easy and not likely to damage heat -resistant instruments
disadvantage - time necessary and potential damage to heat-sensitive equipment

Question 16

Sterilization with heat (Moist heat)

Answer 16

more efficient than dry heat bc effective at much lower temps and less time

disadvantages - tendency to dull and rust instruments and cost of autoclaves

Question 17

All sterilization items should be labeled with expiration date no longer than?

Answer 17

6-12 months

Question 18

Gaseous sterilization type of gas

Answer 18

Ethylene oxide

Question 19

Gaseous sterilization does what

Answer 19

destroys enzymes and other vital biochemical structures

Question 20

Gaseous sterilization advantages

Answer 20

good for porous material, large equipment and material sensitive to heat and moisture

Question 21

Gaseous sterilization disadvantages

Answer 21

need special equipment and the length of time it takes

Ethyl oxide is highly toxic to animal tissue so equipment must be aerated for 8-12 hours at 50 degree C for 4-7 days

Question 22

Are quaternary ammonium compounds recommended for dentistry?

Answer 22

NO, they are not effective against hepatitis B virus and become inactivated by soap and anionic agents