Exam 1 - Eye and Ear Flashcards
What is the opening between the eyelids called
Palpebral fissure
Conjunctiva
clear mucous membrane with two easily visible components
Bulbar conjunctiva and palpebra conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva
covers most of the anterior eyeball adhering loosely to the underlying tissue
Palpebral conjunctiva
lines the eyelids
Tarsal plates
within the eyelid, firm strips of connective tissue
Each plate contains a parallel row of MEIBOMIAN glands, which open on the lid margin
What muscle opens the upper eyelid and what is it innervated by?
The levator palpebrae innervated by CN III
Ciliary body produces what?
aqueous humor which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Circulates from posterior, through the pupil and into the anterior
What does the aqueous humor drain out through
the canal of schlemm. The whole system helps control pressure inside the eye
Extraocular muscles of the eye: 1Superior rectus 2Lateral Rectus 3Inferior rectus 4Inferior oblique 5Medial rectus 6Superior oblique
- Up and out (CN III)
- out (CN VI)
- down and out (III)
- Up and In (III)
- IN (CN III)
- In and down (CN IV)
What is entropin?
when the eyelid is turned in so the eyelashes rub against the eye
What is ectropin
when the lower eyelid sags out
What part of the eye is seen through an ophthalmoscope?
The fundus of the eye
What structures are seen in the fundus of the eye?
retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels
What is found within the optic disc?
the optic nerve
What is lateral and inferior to the optic disc?
the point of central vision, and around that is a darkened circular area called the FOVEA
what surrounds the fovea
the macula
Horner’s syndrome
one eye has a smaller pupil. There is ptosis of the eyelid and sometimes loss of sweating on the forehead.
What is miosis?
Constriction of the pupils
what is Mydriasis?
dilation of the pupils
What is anisocoria?
unequal pupils.
Simple anisocoria is seen in approx. 35% of healthy people where pupillary size of 0.04 mm or greater is seen.
What is the pupillary reaction to light?
- direct reaction
- pupillary constriction in the same eye - consensual reaction
- pupillary constriction in the opposite eye
What is acute otitis externa?
inflammation of the middle ear canal
Movement of the auricle and tragus (the tug test) is painful in what?
when someone has acute otitis externa
Hearing disorders of the external and middle ear cause?
conductive hearing loss
Disorders of the inner ear cause?
sensorineural hearing loss
What is conductive hearing loss?
external or middle ear disorders impair sound conduction to inner ear.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
inner ear disorders involve cochlear nerve and neuronal impulse transmission to the brain.
What is the Weber Test?
Turning fork is used at the vertex or top of head. The sound lateralizes to the IMPAIRED EAR (in conductive hearing loss)
Sound lateralizes to the GOOD EAR (in sensorineural loss)
What is the Rinne Test?
Tuning fork at external auditory meatus (Air conduction) then on the mastoid bone (Bone conduction)
Conductive hearing loss -
BC >AC. Air conduction through external ear is impaired but vibrations through bone bypass the problem to reach cochlea
Sensorineural loss -
AC>BC. Air conduction is longer than bone conduction. The innear ear is less able to transmit impulses regardless of how the vibrations reach the cochlea. Normal pattern prevails.
