Exam 1 - Eye and Ear

Question 1

What is the opening between the eyelids called

Answer 1

Palpebral fissure

Question 2

Conjunctiva

Answer 2

clear mucous membrane with two easily visible components

Bulbar conjunctiva and palpebra conjunctiva

Question 3

Bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 3

covers most of the anterior eyeball adhering loosely to the underlying tissue

Question 4

Palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 4

lines the eyelids

Question 5

Tarsal plates

Answer 5

within the eyelid, firm strips of connective tissue

Each plate contains a parallel row of MEIBOMIAN glands, which open on the lid margin

Question 6

What muscle opens the upper eyelid and what is it innervated by?

Answer 6

The levator palpebrae innervated by CN III

Question 7

Ciliary body produces what?

Answer 7

aqueous humor which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Circulates from posterior, through the pupil and into the anterior

Question 8

What does the aqueous humor drain out through

Answer 8

the canal of schlemm. The whole system helps control pressure inside the eye

Question 9

Extraocular muscles of the eye:
1Superior rectus
2Lateral Rectus
3Inferior rectus
4Inferior oblique
5Medial rectus
6Superior oblique

Answer 9

1. Up and out (CN III)
2. out (CN VI)
3. down and out (III)
4. Up and In (III)
5. IN (CN III)
6. In and down (CN IV)

Question 10

What is entropin?

Answer 10

when the eyelid is turned in so the eyelashes rub against the eye

Question 11

What is ectropin

Answer 11

when the lower eyelid sags out

Question 12

What part of the eye is seen through an ophthalmoscope?

Answer 12

The fundus of the eye

Question 13

What structures are seen in the fundus of the eye?

Answer 13

retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels

Question 14

What is found within the optic disc?

Answer 14

the optic nerve

Question 15

What is lateral and inferior to the optic disc?

Answer 15

the point of central vision, and around that is a darkened circular area called the FOVEA

Question 16

what surrounds the fovea

Answer 16

the macula

Question 17

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 17

one eye has a smaller pupil. There is ptosis of the eyelid and sometimes loss of sweating on the forehead.

Question 18

What is miosis?

Answer 18

Constriction of the pupils

Question 19

what is Mydriasis?

Answer 19

dilation of the pupils

Question 20

What is anisocoria?

Answer 20

unequal pupils.

Simple anisocoria is seen in approx. 35% of healthy people where pupillary size of 0.04 mm or greater is seen.

Question 21

What is the pupillary reaction to light?

Answer 21

1. direct reaction
   - pupillary constriction in the same eye
2. consensual reaction
   - pupillary constriction in the opposite eye

Question 22

What is acute otitis externa?

Answer 22

inflammation of the middle ear canal

Question 23

Movement of the auricle and tragus (the tug test) is painful in what?

Answer 23

when someone has acute otitis externa

Question 24

Hearing disorders of the external and middle ear cause?

Answer 24

conductive hearing loss

Question 25

Disorders of the inner ear cause?

Answer 25

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 26

What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 26

external or middle ear disorders impair sound conduction to inner ear.

Question 27

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 27

inner ear disorders involve cochlear nerve and neuronal impulse transmission to the brain.

Question 28

What is the Weber Test?

Answer 28

Turning fork is used at the vertex or top of head. The sound lateralizes to the IMPAIRED EAR (in conductive hearing loss)

Sound lateralizes to the GOOD EAR (in sensorineural loss)

Question 29

What is the Rinne Test?

Answer 29

Tuning fork at external auditory meatus (Air conduction) then on the mastoid bone (Bone conduction)

Conductive hearing loss -
BC >AC. Air conduction through external ear is impaired but vibrations through bone bypass the problem to reach cochlea

Sensorineural loss -
AC>BC. Air conduction is longer than bone conduction. The innear ear is less able to transmit impulses regardless of how the vibrations reach the cochlea. Normal pattern prevails.