Exam 1 images Flashcards
Name of this strabismus?
Hypotropia
Name of this strabismus?
Hypertropia
Name of this strabismus?
Exotropia
Name of this strabismus?
Esotropia
Ptosis
Entropion=inward turning of the lid margin
Ectropion=the lower lid margin turns outward, exposing the palpebral conjunctiva
Lid Retraction and Exophthalmos
Stye (Hordeolum)= painful, tender, red infection at the inner or outer margin of the eyelid, usually from Staphylococcus aureus (at the inner margin—from an obstructed meibomian gland; at the outer margin—from an obstructed eyelash follicle or tear gland).
Chalazion
A subacute nontender, usually painless nodule caused by a blocked meibomian gland. May become acutely inflamed but, unlike a stye, usually points inside the lid rather than on the lid margin.
Xanthelasma
Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed cholesterol-filled plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids. Half of affected patients have hyperlipidemia; it is also common in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Blepharitis
A chronic inflammation of the eyelids at the base of the hair follicles, often from S. aureus. There is also a scaling seborrheic variant.
Corneal Arcus.
A thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea. Accompanies normal aging but also seen in younger adults, especially African Americans. In young adults, suggests possible hyperlipoproteinemia. Usually benign.
Kayser-Fleischer Ring.
A golden to red brown ring, sometimes shading to green or blue, from copper deposition in the periphery of the cornea found in Wilson disease.
Corneal Scar.
A superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or to inflammation. Size and shape are variable. Do not confuse with the opaque lens of a cataract, visible on a deeper plane and only through the pupil.
Pterygium.
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side. Reddening may occur. May interfere with vision as it encroaches on the pupil.
Cataracts.
Opacitiy of the lenses visible through the pupil. Risk factors are older age, smoking, diabetes, corticosteroid use.
Nuclear Cataract=A nuclear cataract looks gray when seen by a flashlight. If the pupil is widely dilated, the gray opacity is surrounded by a black rim.
Peripheral Cataract.
Spokelike shadows that point— gray against black, as seen with a flashlight, or black against red with an ophthalmoscope. A dilated pupil, as shown here, facilitates this observation.
What is this pupil called? Describe.
Tonic Pupil (Adie Pupil).
Pupil is large (dilated), regular, and usually unilateral. Reaction to light is severely reduced and slowed, or even absent. Constriction during the near vision is present, although very slow (tonic). These changes reflect parasympathetic denervation. Slow accommodation causes blurred vision.
Which CN is paralyzed?
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) Paralysis.
The pupil is large and fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid (due to impaired CN III innervation of the levator palpebrae muscle) and lateral deviation of the eye downward and outward are almost always present.
What syndrome is this?
Horner Syndrome.
The affected pupil is small, unilateral, reacts briskly to light and near effort, but dilates slowly, especially in dim light. Anisocoria is >1 mm, with ipsilateral ptosis of the eyelid and often loss of sweating on the forehead. These findings reflect the classic triad of Horner syndrome—miosis, ptosis and anhydrosis, due to a lesion in the sympathetic pathway
What are these pupils called?
Small, Irregular Pupils (Argyll Robertson Pupils). The pupils are small, irregular and usually bilateral. They constrict with near vision and dilate with far vision (a normal near reaction) but do not react to light, seen in neurosyphilis and rarely in diabetes.
Which CN is paralyzed?
Left Cranial Nerve IV Paralysis
Which CN is paralyzed?
Left Cranial Nerve III Paralysis
What is this scale called?
Wong Baker face scale
