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Behavioral Neuroendocrinology > exam 1 hormone chart > Flashcards

exam 1 hormone chart Flashcards

1
Q

what neurohormones are effector hormones

A

vasopressin (AVP or ADH)
oxytocin

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2
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces vasopressin

A

magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

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3
Q

how many amino acids are vasopressin and oxytocin

A

9

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4
Q

what are the two target tissues of vasopressin

A

kidney: water resorption
blood vessels: vasoconstriction

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5
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces oxytocin

A

magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

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6
Q

what are the two target tissues of oxytocin

A

mammary gland: milk ejection
uterus: contractions during childbirth

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7
Q

what are the six neurohormones that are releasing hormones/factors

A

GnRH
TRH
GHRH
somatostatin
dopamine
CRH

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8
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

preoptic area,
suprachiasmatic nucleus
arcuate nucleus

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9
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

A

paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

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10
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

medial basal hypothalamus
arcuate nucleus

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11
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces somatostatin

A

pariventricular nucleus

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12
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces dopamine

A

arcuate nucleus

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13
Q

what is the location of the cell body that produces corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

A

paraventricular nucleus

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14
Q

what is the chemical structure of GnRH

A

peptide

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15
Q

what is the chemical structure of TRH

A

peptide

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16
Q

what is the chemical structure of GHRH

A

peptide

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17
Q

what is the chemical structure of somatostatin

A

peptide

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18
Q

what is the chemical structure of dopamine

A

monoamine

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19
Q

what is the chemical structure of CRH

A

peptide

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20
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of GnRH

A

gonadotrophs - stimulates FSH and LH release

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21
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of TRH

A

thyrotrophs - stimulate TSH release

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22
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of GHRH

A

somatotrophs - stimulate GH release

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23
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of somatostatin

A

somatotrophs - inhibits GH release

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24
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of dopamine

A

lactotrophs - inhibits prolactin release

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25
Q

what is the target tissue and effect of CRH

A

corticotrophs - stimulates ACTH and beta-endorphin release

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26
Q

what are the three types (groups) of anterior pituitary hormones (tropic hormones)

A

basophils
acidophils
weak basophil/chromatophobes

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27
Q

what are the two basophils

A

gonadotrophs
thyrotrophs

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28
Q

what are the two gonadotrophs

A

FSH and LH

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29
Q

what is a thryotroph

A

thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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30
Q

what is the chemical structure of basophils

A

amino acid glycoprotein with two subunits

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31
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of FSH

A

female: follicles in ovary stimulate estrogen production

males: spermatogenesis in testes

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32
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of LH

A

female: corpora lutea in ovary stimulates progesterone production

male: leydig cells in testes stimulate testosterone production

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33
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyroid gland stimulates thyroid hormone production

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34
Q

what are the two acidophils

A

somatotrophs
lactotrophs

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35
Q

what is a somatotroph

A

growth hormone (GH)

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36
Q

what is a lactotroph

A

prolactin (Prl)

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37
Q

what is the chemical structure of the acidophils

A

amino acid chain (peptide) closely related in structure

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38
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of GH

A

throughout body to support cellular growth

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39
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of Prl

A

mammary gland - support milk production

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40
Q

what are the two weak basophil/chromatophobes

A

corticotrophs
melanotrophs

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41
Q

what are the two corticotrophs

A

adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
beta-endorphin

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42
Q

what is a melanotroph

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

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43
Q

what is the chemical structure of weak basophil/chromatophobes

A

various peptides cleaved from POMC hormone

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44
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of ACTH

A

adrenal cortex - simulates glucocorticoid production

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45
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of beta-endorphin

A

throughout body - endogenous morphine like substance

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46
Q

what is the effect and target tissue of MSH

A

melanocytes - regulate pigment production

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47
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces vasopressin

A

magnocellular cells in the SON and PVN of the hypothalamus

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48
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces oxytocin

A

magnocellular cells in the SON and PVN of the hypothalamus

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49
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces growth hormone

A

somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary

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50
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces prolactin

A

lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary

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51
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces beta endorphin

A

corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary

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52
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces thyroid hormones

A

follicular cells of thyroid gland

53
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces insulin

A

beta cells of the pancreas

54
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces CCK

A

duodenum of gut

55
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces ghrelin

A

GI tract

56
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces leptin

A

adipocytes (fat cells)

57
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces melatonin

A

pineal gland

58
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces epi and NE

A

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

59
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces glucocorticoids (cortisol)

A

adrenal cortex

60
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

A

adrenal cortex

61
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces estrogens

A

follicles of ovary

62
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces progesterone

A

corpora lutea of ovary

63
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces inhibin

A

follicles of ovary; testes

64
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces activin

A

granulosa of ovary
sertoli cells of testes

65
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces chorionic gonadotropin

A

placenta

66
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces androgens

A

leydig cells and seminiferous tubules of testes

67
Q

what is the location of the cell that produces mullerian inhibitory hormon

A

fetal sertoli cells of testes

68
Q

what is the chemical structure of vasopressin

A

peptide

69
Q

what is the chemical structure of oxytocin

A

peptide

70
Q

what is the chemical structure of growth hormone

A

protein

71
Q

what is the chemical structure of prolactin

A

protein

72
Q

what is the chemical structure of beta endorphin

A

peptide

73
Q

what is the chemical structure of thyroid hormones

A

tyrosine derivative

74
Q

what is the chemical structure of insulin

A

protein

75
Q

what is the chemical structure of CCK

A

peptide

76
Q

what is the chemical structure of ghrelin

A

peptide

77
Q

what is the chemical structure of leptin

A

peptide

78
Q

what is the chemical structure of melatonin

A

serotonin derivative

79
Q

what is the chemical structure of epi and NE

A

monoamine

80
Q

what is the chemical structure of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

A

steroid

81
Q

what is the chemical structure of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

A

steroid

82
Q

what is the chemical structure of estrogens

A

steroid

83
Q

what is the chemical structure of progesterone

A

steroid

84
Q

what is the chemical structure of inhibin

A

peptide

85
Q

what is the chemical structure of activin

A

peptide

86
Q

what is the chemical structure of chorionic gonadotropin

A

protein

87
Q

what is the chemical structure of androgens

A

steroid

88
Q

what is the chemical structure of mullerian inhibitory hormone

A

protein

89
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of vasopressin

A

kidney: water resorption
blood vessels: vasoconstriction

90
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of oxytocin

A

mammary gland: milk ejection
uterus: contractions during childbirth

91
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of growth hormone

A

throughout body: supports growth

92
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of prolactin

A

mammary gland: milk production

93
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of beta endorphin

A

throughout body: endogenous opioid that may regulate pain sensitivity

94
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of thyroid hormones

A

throughout body: increases oxidation rates in tissues

95
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of insulin

A

throughout body: mediates glucose uptake

96
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of CCK

A

gall bladder: contraction and bile secretion
brain: may be short term satiety signal

97
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of ghrelin

A

GI tract: regulate motility and secretion
brain: stimulate hunger, regulation of energy balance

98
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of leptin

A

throughout body: may regulate appetite and fat balance

99
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of melatonin

A

throughout body: regulates seasonal reproductive behavior and maybe puberty onset

100
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of epi and NE

A

liver: glycogen breakdown
cardiovascular system: increase blood pressure

101
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

A

throughout body: wide range of effects that help protect against physical stress

102
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

A

kidney: increases sodium retention

103
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of estrogens

A

uterus and other female tissue: development and growth; secondary sex characteristics

104
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of progesterone

A

uterus and other female tissue: development; maintenance of pregnancy

105
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of inhibin

A

anterior pituitary: inhibits FSH secretion

106
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of activin

A

anterior pituitary: stimulates FSH secretion

107
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of chorionic gonadotropin

A

corpora lutea of ovary: stimulate progesterone production to maintain pregnancy

108
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of androgens

A

male tissue: development and growth; secondary sex characteristics; spermatogenesis

109
Q

what is the target tissue and primary effect of mullerian inhibitory hormone

A

fetal mullerian duct: mediates regression of tissue

110
Q

what are the two first order hormones

A

vasopressin
oxytocin

111
Q

what are the 5 neurohormones that are second order hormones

A

GHRH
somatostatin
dopamine
GnRH
CRH

112
Q

what are the 3 neurohormones that are third order hormones

A

GnRH (goes to LH and FSH)
TRH
CRH

113
Q

what are the two inhibitory neurohormones

A

somatostatin and dopamine

114
Q

in normal female development, is the SRY gene present

A

no

115
Q

in normal female development, is there expression of the SRY gene

A

no

116
Q

in normal female development, what is the gonadal development

A

ovary (default pathway)

117
Q

in normal female development, what gonadal hormones are produced

A

none

118
Q

in normal female development, is there wolfian duct development

A

no- regresses because it is not exposed to testosterone

119
Q

in normal female development, is there mullerian duct development

A

yes (becomes fallopian tubes and uterus) because it is not exposed to MIH

120
Q

in normal female development, is the genital skin exposed to DHT

A

no

121
Q

in normal male development, is the SRY gene present

A

yes

122
Q

in normal male development, what is produced as a result of the SRY gene being present

A

TDF

123
Q

in normal male development, what gonads develop

A

testis

124
Q

in normal male development, what gonadal hormones are produced

A

testosterone
MIH

125
Q

in normal male development, is there wolfian duct development

A

yes - it is exposed to testosterone and becomes the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

126
Q

in normal male development, does the mullerian duct develop

A

no it regresses because it is exposed to MIH

127
Q

in normal male development, is genital skin exposed to DHT

A

yes

128
Q

what enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

A

5-alpha reductase

Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (6 decks)

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