Exam 1 Flashcards
Pathogenesis definition
development of unhealthy conditions or disease
Health definition
“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity”
Disease definition
a medical condition that is substantiated by objective data such as elevated temperature or presence of infection
If an individual has experienced brain damage that leads to decreased executive function, what area of the brain is most likely injured?
Right hemisphere
Who created the germ theory?
Louis Pasteur
Who made a ground-breaking study of mitochondrial DNA in the beginning of the 21st century?
Douglas Wallace
Antibiotics is what type of prevention strategy (primary, secondary, or tertiary?)
tertiary
When was the Human Genome Project started?
1990
The number one cause of death in the U.S. adult population, heart disease, has been reduced by how much due to changes in diet and lifestyle.
52%
Gender and sex differences are topics with constantly updating information. Recent research has indicated that steroid-induced epigenetic changes impact a single life span. What type of compounds may produce a multigenerational effect?
endocrine-disrupting compounds
List damage-based theories of aging
- free radical theories
- cross-linking theories
List some programmed base theories of aging
- telomerase theory
- gene mutation theory
- genetic control theory
- planned obsolescence theory
Which problems can occur in adulthood as a result of adverse childhood experiences?
- alcohol and other drug use
- drug and / or tobacco addiction
- obesity
- fibromyalgia
- autoimmune disorders
Who are examples of successful aging?
those in their 100’s
Life expectancy in the 20th century has increased by 35 yrs. Healthcare improvements have created an additional how many years of that 35?
7 years
What group has seen the most rapid population increase in the past decade?
over age 85
Supercenturians live to be over how many years past 100?
10 years
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose disease
toxicology definition
the study of harmful effects of chemicals
The generic form of a drug is considered to be as safe and effective as the original, brand-name product if the generic form _________ as the brand-name drug. (please list 4)
- same type and amount of active ingredients
- uses the same administration route
- has the same pharmokinetic profile
- produces the same therapeutic effects
What is an orphan drug?
a drug that is given special funding for development because it is used in a small patient population with a relatively rare disease
What is off label prescribing and is it legal?
It is the prescription of a drug to treat conditions other than those that the drug was originally approved to treat; Yes it is legal
What is the first pass effect?
when drugs are transported initially to the liver where a significant amount of the drug may be metabolized and destroyed before the drug reaches its primary site of action
Through what method of administration are we most concerned about the first pass effect?
oral administration CHECK THIS
