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Internal Med > Exam 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenesis definition

A

development of unhealthy conditions or disease

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2
Q

Health definition

A

“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity”

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3
Q

Disease definition

A

a medical condition that is substantiated by objective data such as elevated temperature or presence of infection

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4
Q

If an individual has experienced brain damage that leads to decreased executive function, what area of the brain is most likely injured?

A

Right hemisphere

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5
Q

Who created the germ theory?

A

Louis Pasteur

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6
Q

Who made a ground-breaking study of mitochondrial DNA in the beginning of the 21st century?

A

Douglas Wallace

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7
Q

Antibiotics is what type of prevention strategy (primary, secondary, or tertiary?)

A

tertiary

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8
Q

When was the Human Genome Project started?

A

1990

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9
Q

The number one cause of death in the U.S. adult population, heart disease, has been reduced by how much due to changes in diet and lifestyle.

A

52%

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10
Q

Gender and sex differences are topics with constantly updating information. Recent research has indicated that steroid-induced epigenetic changes impact a single life span. What type of compounds may produce a multigenerational effect?

A

endocrine-disrupting compounds

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11
Q

List damage-based theories of aging

A
  • free radical theories
  • cross-linking theories
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12
Q

List some programmed base theories of aging

A
  • telomerase theory
  • gene mutation theory
  • genetic control theory
  • planned obsolescence theory
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13
Q

Which problems can occur in adulthood as a result of adverse childhood experiences?

A
  • alcohol and other drug use
  • drug and / or tobacco addiction
  • obesity
  • fibromyalgia
  • autoimmune disorders
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14
Q

Who are examples of successful aging?

A

those in their 100’s

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15
Q

Life expectancy in the 20th century has increased by 35 yrs. Healthcare improvements have created an additional how many years of that 35?

A

7 years

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16
Q

What group has seen the most rapid population increase in the past decade?

A

over age 85

17
Q

Supercenturians live to be over how many years past 100?

A

10 years

18
Q

What is pharmacotherapeutics?

A

the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose disease

19
Q

toxicology definition

A

the study of harmful effects of chemicals

20
Q

The generic form of a drug is considered to be as safe and effective as the original, brand-name product if the generic form _________ as the brand-name drug. (please list 4)

A
  • same type and amount of active ingredients
  • uses the same administration route
  • has the same pharmokinetic profile
  • produces the same therapeutic effects
21
Q

What is an orphan drug?

A

a drug that is given special funding for development because it is used in a small patient population with a relatively rare disease

22
Q

What is off label prescribing and is it legal?

A

It is the prescription of a drug to treat conditions other than those that the drug was originally approved to treat; Yes it is legal

23
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

when drugs are transported initially to the liver where a significant amount of the drug may be metabolized and destroyed before the drug reaches its primary site of action

24
Q

Through what method of administration are we most concerned about the first pass effect?

A

oral administration CHECK THIS

25
Q

What is potency?

A

When the drug is of a higher concentration and therefore requires a lower dosage to produce the same effect as a higher dose of a second drug that is less potent

26
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation

27
Q

osmosis refers to the special case of diffusion where the diffusing substance is _______

A

water

28
Q

What is biotransformation?

A

drug metabolism that occurs when a drug is changed chemically following administration

29
Q

which organ is primarily responsible for excreting drugs and their metabolites?

A

kidneys

30
Q
A

Internal Med (4 decks)

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