Exam 1 Dump Flashcards
What causes gout, how is it treated?
Crystals= monosodium urate
Treat with Colchicine or Allopurinol
What circumstances allow Lac operon to be on or off?
Lactose present + glucose present= off
Lactose present + glucose absent= on
Lactose absent + glucose present= off
Lactose absent + glucose absent= off
How does nitric oxide act on smooth muscle?
Vasodilator acts on smooth muscle via cGMP
Describe DiGeorge
- Microdeletion on chromosome 22
- Facial, cardiac, immune abnormalities (no thymus for T cell maturation)
- Detect with FISH and Microarray
Describe Lesch Nyhan
- X linked recessive
- Deficiency of HGPRT
- Cannot salvage purines
- Orange crystals in diaper, self mutation
Contrast western, southern and northern blot
Western blot- protein
Southern blot- DNA
Northern blot- RNA
What are the types of stem cells?
Totipotent—> all cells (embryonic and extra-embryonic )
Pluripotent—> all cells and tissues in the body
Multipotent—> ability to develop into small number of cell types
Unipotent—> single type of cell
What can be used for sickle cell anemia diagnosis?
RFLP or ASO
Whaat can be used for cystic fibrosis diagnosis?
ASO
What is the function of AZT (zidovudine/Retrovir)?
Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used for HIV
What is the purpose of Acyclovir?
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor, treats Herpes
What is the function of Decatibine?
Treats cancer
What is the function of the Ciproflaxcin?
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Differentiate hypertrophy, atrophy, and atrophy
Hypertrophy- increase in size, atrophy- re-education in size
Hyperplasia- increase in numbers
What is metaplasia?
Reversible change in cell differentiation
Clinical correlation- berret’s esophagus
