Exam 1: Developmental Theories

Question 1

Erikson’s theory looks at how one develops ________.

Piaget’s theory looks at how one ______.

Answer 1

Psychosocially

Thinks

Question 2

What are the stages of Piaget’s Theory of Development in order? Include the ages

Answer 2

0-24 months (2 years): Sensorimotor
2-7 years: Pre-operational
7-12 years: Concrete Operational
13+ years: Formal Operational

Question 3

What are the stages of Erikson’s Theory of Development in order? Include the ages

Answer 3

0-12 months:  Trust vs. Mistrust
12-36 months (1-3 yo):  Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 years:  Initiative vs Guilt
6-11 years:  Industry vs Inferiority
12-17 years:  Identity vs Role confusion

Question 4

What are some appropriate activities for a child 0-24 months, according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 4

Repetitive, imitative activities:
Peek-a-boo, rattles, soft stuffed toys, teething toys, nesting toys, pat-a-cake, playing with balls, reading books, mirrors, blocks

Question 5

What is Negativism?

Answer 5

Doing the opposite of what others want, closely related to autonomy, common in toddlers

Question 6

What is animism?

Answer 6

when a child believes that an object possesses human qualities

Question 7

What is object permanance?

Answer 7

Understanding that items and people still exist even when you can no longer see or hear them.

Think of peek-a-boo. It works for babies because they do not expect someone to be behind their hands.

Question 8

What is egocentricity?

Answer 8

Normal tendency for a young child to see everything that happens as it relates to them.

Question 9

What is an important acitviity for a child between 3-5 years old to do? (Erikson)

Answer 9

Imaginative play!

This is the initiative vs guilt stage. Allow the child to engage in imaginative play instead of reprimanding them and causing guilt

Question 10

Erikson 0 to 12 months

Answer 10

Trust vs. Mistrust

• Learns trust as basic needs are met (kept warm, picked up when crying)
• Mistrust results if needs are not met or unable to delay gratification (neglected, not given food when hungry)

Question 11

Erikson 12 to 36 months

Answer 11

Autonomy (independent) vs. Shame and Doubt

• Learns independent behaviors (feeding/dressing self, exercise choices, exerts self)
• Shame/doubt if independence is not encouraged

Question 12

Erikson 3 to 5 years

Answer 12

Initiative vs. Guilt

• Goal directed, competitive, exploratory behavior
• Imaginary mind/imaginative play
• Initiative: Child independently begins activities instead of responding to or imitating others
• Guilt: Caregiver frequently reprimands behaviors reflecting childs initiative

Question 13

Erikson 6 to 11 years

Answer 13

Industry vs. Inferiority

• Peer/socially focused, less family focused (bullying starts)
• Learns self worth
• Mastery of psychosocial, physiological and cognitive skills
• Inferiority: Being ridiculed by peers/not measuring up to adult standards

Question 14

Erikson 12 to 17 years

Answer 14

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Develop sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively, behaviorally, & emotionally
• Gains independence from parents
• Peers extremely important
• Role Confusion: Adolescent is unable to acquire sense of direction, self, or place within world