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Psych 102 > Exam 1 Contd > Flashcards

Exam 1 Contd Flashcards

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1
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 1. …: birth - 2 yrs of age
2major sub phases (birth - 9 months; 9 months - 2 years)

A

sensory motor

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2
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development)
1st subphase of sensory motor:
…: no logical thought
absence of ..: limited receptive and expressive language
no …
dominated by … actions

A

prelogical state; language; object permanence; reflex

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3
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 2nd subphase of sensory motor stage:
transition from child of …t o child of …
… development: vocab of about 50 words in about 1.5 yrs
…: allows child to represent external world internally
increased … skills
object permanence

A

reflex; intentions;

language; schema formation; motor

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4
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) piaget noticed that kids of the same age group make the same …, but these are different from kids of different ages: indicates that cognition occurs over a series of stages

A

kinds of mistakes

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5
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 2. … –> 2 - 7 yrs of age

A

pre operational thought

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6
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) pre-operational thought:
greater … and … language
greater … skills
greater ability to …/… information –> many errors though (e.g. all men are daddy, all women are mommy)

A

receptive; expressive;
motor
categorize/classify

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7
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 3. …: 7-11 yrs of age

A

concrete operations

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8
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) concrete operations:
greater …, … skills, etc.
greater ability to … and perform … thought –> all men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore, Socrates is moral

A

language; motor skills; classify; logical

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9
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 3. concrete operations
mental activities now present:
…: mass, weight, volume all stay same
…: ability to put objects in order from large to small, small to large
…: ability to reverse thought
what is child not able to do? …

A

conservation
seriation
reversibility
abstract thought

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10
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 4. …: 11-14/15 yrs of age

A

formal operations

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11
Q

(piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development) 4. formal operations
all of the above, but now child can perform abstract thought:
… reasoning
…/…
ability to distinguish between … and …

A

deductive
hypothesizing; testing
fact; theory

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12
Q

not everybody is able to attain abstract thought:
people used to think that that was a function of … ability, but that is not the case
some people view the world in a more … way and are still intelligent

A

intellectual; concrete

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13
Q

language acquisition: 2 processes

… and ….

A

speech perception; language production

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14
Q

speech perception: what is it?
system translates … into sounds that can be perceived as speech
to acquire language, we must be able to distinguish …

A

vibrations; differences between sounds

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15
Q

…: babies suck on nipples that produces sound–>
what happens to rate of sucking? …, but then it …
this is a result of … and …

A

non-nutritive sucking technique; increases; decreases; habituation; dishabituation

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16
Q

non-nutritive sucking technique contd:
what happens to rate of sucking if you introduce new sound? … why? significance?
this is due to …–> immediate increase in rate of …/…

A

increases; dishabituation; response; engagement

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17
Q

babies can distinguish between … and … as early as 1 month

A

bah; pah

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18
Q

language production
8 weeks: … –> can put baby to sleep and is soothing to him/her
3-4 months: …
9 months: beginning of …
8/9-14 months: … stage, …; learning to … and then …, etc
18-20 months: … stage and then … speech (2 words and an order) –> usually a …

A 
cooing; 
babbling
intentional speech 
one word; turn taking; listen; speak 
two word; telegraphic; command
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19
Q 
language in children: 
18 months: … words
6 yrs old: … words
...: use of the word beyond the scope of the word itself 
…: restrictive use of the world
A

50; 14,000
overextensions
underextensions

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20
Q

language in children:’

…: inappropriate application of grammatical rules for tenses and plurals

A

overregularization

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21
Q

…: general rules of language

…: social roles of language –> learning that there are times when we can/can’t say things

A

syntax; pragmatics

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22
Q

understanding spoken language:
..>: our attempt to understand what someone else is saying to us
…: tone, inflection, pitch–> nonverbal … that help give meaning to the spoken word

A

language comprehension; gestures; cues

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23
Q

…: sentence that can have more than one meaning

A

ambiguous sentence

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24
Q

…: person’s behavioral style of responding to the environment
…: strong emotional bond child forms with mother/primary caregiver

A

temperament; attachment

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25
Q

harlow’s study on attachment: … mothers
two monkeys” one’s a wire monkey, the other is a wire monkey but with ‘warm, fuzzy’ things on it–> baby monkey went to the …

A

surrogate; warm fuzzy ones

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26
Q

… process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life

A

imprinting

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27
Q

(stages of attachment) …: 0-5 months–> comfortable with essentially everyone

A

indiscriminant

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28
Q

(stages of attachment) …: 5-10 months–> …: someone comes into baby’s perceptual field and the baby is uncomfortable–> clings onto mom and stares at stranger
paradox: won’t go to person, but they have baby’s …
child is more fussy about who they’re with

A

selective; stranger anxiety; attention

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29
Q

(stages of attachment) …: older than 10 months

–> comfortable with being with many different people

A

multiple attachments;

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30
Q

…: developed as function of consistency of care that the child receives from the primary caregiver

A

attachment styles

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31
Q

(attachment styles) …: developed when child receives much love–> translates to greater levels of …, more …
faith and comfort in the world and in trusting yourself/others

A

secure; trust; optimistic

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32
Q

(attachment styles) …: if primary caregivers don’t provide a lot of support/care/love/etc. this is acquired
have difficulty … to others
don’t … very much
more prone to …, …, …, etc
often engage in promiscuous relationships because they equate … to …

A

avoidant; attaching; trust; jealousy; possessiveness; envious; sex; love

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33
Q

(attachment styles) …: parents that are sometimes consistent and other time’s aren’t
these pople want to attach, but when they get too close to someone else, they …

A

anxious ambivalent; withdraw

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34
Q

according to attachment theorists, your attachment styles are developed … and … they are …

A

early in life; do not change; fixed

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35
Q

deprivation of attachment:
animals- …, higher level of …, incapable of …
babies: …, …, …
adults: unloved become the ..–> abused/neglected kids have a higher rate of being abusive

A

frightened; aggression; mating;

withdrawn; frightened; speechless; unloving

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36
Q

(day care and attachment) high quality: … and … staff

low quality: … and … staff

A

warm; supportive

boring; unresponsive

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37
Q

children in day care:
slight advances in … and …, but increased rates of … and …
advances due to the fact that there are more levelsof …
aggression and defiance isn’t necessarily bad; good for child to have their own …/…

A

language; thinking; aggression; defiance
engagement;
voice; will

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38
Q

father-child relationship:
growing change of focus: traditionally, … primary caregivers
moms: more …, provide toys, …, …, …, be careful etc
dads: more …, challenging, …, be daring, etc

A

women;
talking; comfort; reassure; safe harbor
stimulating activity; arousing physical play

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39
Q

role of the parents:
love, care, nurture, supportive:
impacts …–> trust vs. mistrust –> foundational

A

attachment style

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40
Q 
authoritarian parents: 
... rules 
... transgressions 
demand …
outcomes: … intellectual performance, … social skills
A

arbitrary
punish
obedience
lower; less

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41
Q

authoritative parents:
… but … goals–> attainable, allows child to experience … and …
… and …
encourage …–> child will be more comfortable going to parents to talk to them about things going on in their lives

A

high; realistic
success; failures
demanding; responsive
communication

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42
Q

authoritative parents contd:
establish … and … them –> explain whey they are in place; the rules are enforced consistently –> allows child to know what the boundaries are
warm, nurturant, supportive, responsive
outcomes: … self-esteem, … academic performance, … social competence, … self-reliance, … independence

A

rules; enforce;

greater for everything at the end

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43
Q

permissive parents:
… rules; not consistently enforced
… control behavior
children will know that their … will get them what they want
outcomes: …, …, …, …, … self-reliance, … delinquent behavior

A

few; children; persistence

immature; promiscuous sex; impulsive; dependent; less; more

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44
Q

other factors that impact socialization:
… relationships
…/…–> violence/aggression, shaping the child’s view of the world

A

peer; television; media

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45
Q

…: collection of beliefs of who we think we are

interests, talents, things good/bad at, strengths, weaknesses, traits/characteristics, etc

A

self concept

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46
Q

…: evaluations about self concept

A

self esteem

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47
Q

…: clear sense of who one is and think highly of who they are
…: less clear self-concept

A

high self esteem

low self esteem

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48
Q

low self esteem:
establish … goals–> setting self up for failure, validates/reinforces self esteem
… about future
more adverse behavioral reactions to …/…

A

unrealistic; pessimistic; criticism; negative feedback

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49
Q

low self esteem contd:
…: recognizes and embraces the many different parts that you are–> the more things you are, the fewer adverse rxns you will have –> able to fall back on the other components of who you are when you fail in one arena
people that have low self-esteem tend to be … people, but they don’t realize that

A

self complexity; nice

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50
Q

Margaret Mahler: … and …

A

attachment and separation

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51
Q

Mahler makes distinction between … children and … children

A

truly autistic; symbiotically psychotic

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52
Q

(Mahler) autistic children: no ability to use mother as …(experiencing world through mom) –> have difficulty … and with … dynamics

A

auxiliary ego; attaching; social

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53
Q

(Mahler) symbiotically psychotic children – attachment is too …
where does mom end and i begin?
have ability to …/…, but they are too attached
…: relationships between two or more individuals that may/may not be to their benefit
accompanied by …, …, etc
no … development

A 
fused; 
attach; affiliate 
symbiosis
anxiety issues; school phobia
individual
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54
Q

(Mahler) observes interactions between mother and child:
how does she … child?
how do mother and child deal with … from one another?

A

carry; separation

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55
Q

(Mahler) if focus on separation, what factor impacts on growth and development? A: …
egos develop in … situations–» develop coping skills this way and learn how to deal with separation

A

anxiety; anxiety-inducing situations

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56
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:

1. …- 1st month of life

A

primary autism

57
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:
primary autism –> no recognition of any … that is the agent of satisfactions; very egocentric period
midway through- beginning to recognize that someone …

A

external object; other than self

58
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: 2. …- 2 through 4 months:
child’s … begins to crack –> … and … growth occurring
very strong emotional attachment ot … what is the significance of mother’s holding, feeding, touching, etc. have on the child? –»> I am a person of … and …, or the opposite (seeing the world as a place of hostility)

A

normal symbiosis; autistic shell; psychological; emotional; mother; value; worth

59
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:

3. 1st-subphase: … and … of …- 5 through 9 months

A

differentiation and development of body image

60
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:
3. 1st subphase:
hatching from shell
child emerging as a … individual –> able to distinguish between mom and me more ably, recognizing that mother is source of sustenance/care, rather than …
early attempts to .. and … from mother –» can crawl at that point; more … from one another –> separation and anxiety and developing skills to deal with that
great deal of time exploring world
period of physical and emotional growth

A

perceptually aware; self
break away; separate
physical distance

61
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: 4. …- 10 through 14 months

A

practicing sub phase

62
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: what is happening during this time period? child has:
… language
… locomotion
… cognitive ability
ego is now capable of …
child now focuses on … (playing with toys) –> but … is still object of central focus

A

greater; greater; greater
reality testing
mother

63
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:

5 …- 14 months through 2 yrs

A

rapproachment

64
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development:
5. rapproachment:
what is happening during this period? child has
… language: receptive and expressive
… locomotion
… cognitive
child becomes more aware of … from mother

A

> ; >; >; separation

65
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: 5. rapproachment contd:
child now more …–> with this independence comes greater … and …–» because of recognition that dependence on mom and interactions with mom will become very different as this independence develops
increased sensitivy to …

A

independent; fear; anxiety; mom’s absence

66
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: 6. …- 2nd through 3rd yrs

A

separation and individuation

67
Q

(Mahler) 6 phases of development: 6 separation and invidiuation
…: even though mom is not here, she still loves me. must be … for this to occur
ego can now tolerate anxiety associated with … and can … –> beginning to define who i am

A

emotional object constancy; trust; separation; individuate

68
Q

…: transition period from childhood to adulthood

…: period of rapid physical growth and change

A

adolescence; puberty

69
Q

puberty:
adolescent growth spurt–
girls: … to … yrs full height by …-… yrs old
boys: …-… yrs full height by …-… yrs

A

11;13; 16; 17

13; 15; 18; 20

70
Q

adolescent age group created by …: partly intended to take younger people out off the workforce

A

society

71
Q

menarche typically occurs around …0… yrs old

A

12.5 - 15.5

72
Q

girls:

early maturers tend to be …, earlier exposure to … and …, deal with …, earlier … experiencies, …, … academic performance

A

self conscious; drugs; alcohol; sexual advances; sexual; pregnancies; decreased

73
Q

boys:
early maturers tend to be …, …, … from females, … success academically, viewed more … by adults, … responsibility, … freedom

A

taller; stronger; admiration; greater; favorably; greater; greater

74
Q

late maturers: what impact might this hav eon girls and boys?
boys: … and …d elayed
girls; tend to do better …, but deal with …

A

growth spurt; secondary characteristics

academically; social pressure

75
Q

(erikson’s psychosocial theory of development) expands the … and … of ego
sometimes referred to as the …: ego develops the following–> trust, hope, autonomy, will, industry, competence, etc.

A

functions; capacities; creative ego

76
Q

(erikson’s psychosocial theory of development) recognizes and stresses importance of …, …, and … factors- how so?
these all define who you become as an individual
the period of time you grow up in also impacts your development
expands …- when does development/growth end? believes that people continue to grow and develop until death, can potentially change throughout life

A

social; historical; cultural; developmental process

77
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
first 4 stages cover … through …
5th stage covers adolescence, the … stage- identity vs. …
6th-8th covers …

A

birth; childhood; critical; identity confusion; adulthood

78
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stages: positive and negative aspects (.. vs ..)
to have healthy development need to experience both the positive and negative, but … must be reinforced more, must be more dominant
negative: sometimes referred to as … or …

A

trust; mistrust; positive; crisis; hazard

79
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 1: … - 1st yr of life
how can you tell if child sees the world as a safe place/not? …,…, …
… interactions are critical –> influences how child sees themselves and the world, primary caretaker acts as …

A

trust vs mistrust; sleeping; eating; excreting;
mother/child;
mirror to the world

80
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 1 contd:
what role does anxiety/separation from mother play in trust issue?
must occur for … to develop
child learns to trust self and others: respond to parental …, trust that parents know what they are doing

A

trust; prohibitions

81
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 1 contd:
transition from … to …: pleasure and expression of aggression, anger, frustration
what are sources of frustration, anger? …, …, …
gradual recognition of self being … from others

A

sucking; biting;
hunger; thirst; diaper
separate

82
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 1 contd:
…: gradual removal of something
what is baby being weaned from and why? mom … (work, another pregnancy/child, intimacy with partner, resumption of own life)
what is the psychological hazard if weaning is not handled properly? … –> state of mourning, reflecting on better days –> occurs if weaning is too …

A

weaning; leaving; acute infantile depression; sudden

83
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)

stage 2: … vs … –> 2nd yr of life

A

autonomy; shame and doubt

84
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 2 contd:
witness a …:
time to learn of the dos, donts, expectations, obligations, rights privileges:
learning about … and … –> occurs partly through … –. indicates that there’s a time and place for things

A

battle of the wills
obedience; conformity
toilet training

85
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 2 contd:
time of greater autonomy, freedom, exploration –> gained through …
child learns to accept … from others, and to …

A

self control; control; control self

86
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
2nd stage contd:
what tool do parents have to deal with this battle and control child’s behavior? …: aware that you are exposed to others, conscious of being looked at
what happens if parents shame too much? it makes it …

A

shame; ineffective

87
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) 2nd stage contd:
if shame handled properly: …, …, …, …, …, …
if not handled properly: leave stage with sense of …–> inhibitis … bc child is afraid of …

A

independence; autonomy; self-expression; lovingness; goodwill; pride
doubt; initiative; failure

88
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) 2nd stage contd:
psychological hazard: … –> developed sooner than it should have, standard of conscience is …

A

precocious conscience; perfection

89
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 3: … vs …: 3rd-5th years of life
> …
> ….
> … abilities
> … of environment
> capacity to … and establish … –> child of …, activity even in play has some … to it

A 
initiative; guilt
language
locomotion 
cognitive
exploration 
plan; goals; intention; purpose
90
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 3 contd:
eager to learn and perform for … and …
period of the …:
…: intruder is child upon parents
…: intruder is child upon parents, when they are inquisitive and when parents get tired of hearing why
… (physical attack towards others or upon self by others)

A 
parents; peers
great intrusions
space
mind
body
91
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 3 contd:
child has … fears–> child doesn’t have emotional understanding of these feelings which creates a sense of …
crisis is …: what impact can this have on initiative –> … is the potential inhibitor of initiative–> when child thinks they will .., it inhibits action

A

oedipal; apprehension; guilt; conscience; fail

92
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 3 contd:
we also learn of … –> not an issue of right or wrong, but rather of power; people in power can get away with things that others cannot

A

injustice

93
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 4: … vs … - 5/6 yrs of adolescence
1st stage: I am what I am …
2nd stage: I am what I … –> exerting … and …
3rd stage: I am what I can …
4rd stage: I am what I … –> at age 5, formal education has begun–> … occurring

A 
industry; inferiority; 
given 
will; independence; autonomy 
imagine 
learn; dissemination of knowledge
94
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 4 contd:
formal education: increases in …, …, … abilities

A

locomotion; language; cognitive

95
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 4 contd:
eager to learn and perform for … and … along with parents now
what about peer group? adults? traditions? beliefs? values? being exposed to new ideas that either …/… yours

A

teachers; classmates

support; question yours

96
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 4 contd:
gains a sense of …, …, fruits of … and …, …, …, etc.
payoff for putting in hard work generalized to life

A

perseverance; diligence; labor; hard work; productivity; mastery

97
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 4 contd:
danger/crisis: …–> unwillingness to take …/…
fear of …
…

A

inferiority
chances/risks
failure
guilt

98
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 4 contd:
what should parents/teachers do to foster industry and minimize inferiority?
another lesson of life: independent of one’s personal abilities, strengths, talents, what factors determine worth and opportunity to develop these strengths? major factor: … (.. status)
if parents have more money, they can provide you with better opportunities. with less money, may not be able to develop skills to the fullest

A

money; socioeconomic status

99
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5: … vs … (adolescence)

A

identity; identity confusion

100
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd:
Erikson considers this the most … stage: defining who person is
sense of who I am, what is the … of life, my life
defining interests, talents, skills, likes, dislikes, goals, what is my …, etc

A

critical; meaning; destiny

101
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd:
adolescence: time of …
…: putting something on hold
in adolescence, people are given some freedom to explore things–> moment of time/break where they’re not necessarily held to the same … as in other periods of their lives

A

psychosocial moratorium;
moratorium
standards

102
Q 
(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd: 
where is this person? 
.../... 
what issues are most important? 
... and ... 
time of great .../..--> focused on ...
A

middle school; high school
peers; family
self-consciousness; awareness
appearances

103
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd:
crisis/hazard: …–> failure of person to establish …
feelings of …, …, …, …

A

identity confusion
stable identity
isolation; emptiness; anxiousness; indecisiveness

104
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd:
if negative identity is formed, sometimes adolescents make … choices in an attempt to not only be hurtful, but also to …

A

vindictive; regain control

105
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 5 contd:
…: ability to sustain loyalties what previous virtue is needed for this to be possible? …

A

fidelity; trust

106
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 6: … vs …
person is prepared to unite identity with …
seek …
… with others
… with others

A 
intimacy; isolation
another
partnerships 
affiliation 
intimacy
107
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 6 contd: ‘
crisis/hazard: …—> avoidance of …, unwillingness to attach to others, unable/unwilling to commit one’s identity to another–> again an issue of trust

A

isolation; relationships

108
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 7: … vs….
characterized by a concern for what is …; products
…
…
most … adulthood yrs
…. interest over … interest

A

generativity; stagnation; generated; ideas; progeny; productive; social; self

109
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 7 contd:
care–> concern for others
transmission of knowledge to the … through … and … (….), as well as …

A

next generation; teaching; healing; social healing; parenthood

110
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 7 contd:
what value to the person does teaching others have?
sense of being …
sense of being … and of … –>encourages you to care more about others than self
become less consumed by …

A

needed
important; value
self-interest

111
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development)
stage 8: … vs….
sense of my life had …
i have cared, taught, produced, etc
crisis/hazard: …–> life has been in .., not …, …
unwillingness to let life end, a life that has had no meaning, no achievement

A

integrity; despair; despair; vain; satisfying; empty

112
Q

(erik erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development) stage 8 contd:
..: concern for life in the face of death

A

wisdom

113
Q

(moral and social development) Kohlberg’s theory of moral development”
… level- ages 4-10–> based on standards of others, … consequences–> … vs …, avoid …, …

A

preconventional; physical; punishment; rewards; punishment; self-interest

114
Q 
(moral and social development) kohlbert contd 
... - ages 10-13
right and wrong based on ... standards 
... to others
consistent with ...
A

conventional level; internalized standards; pleasing; laws of society

115
Q

(moral and social development) Kohlberg contd:
… level - age 13
moral reasoning based on …–> corresponds to piaget’s formal operations (4th stage),
respect for individual … and others
follow … independent of restrictions or others’ opinions

A

postconventional; ethical principles; rights of self; conscience

116
Q

(moral and social development) teenage pregnancy:
…- highest rate of teenage pregnancy of all developed counries
… teenagers annually become pregnant
40% …
13% …
70% of the girls are not ..
54% of teenage girls see nothing wrong having baby w/out being married compared to 49% teenage boys

A 
U.S.
1 million
terminated by abortion 
miscarriage
married
117
Q

(moral and social development) teen pregnancies
consequences for mom and child-
physical: poor prenatal care and nutrition - no … benefits, … status–> greater rates of …, …, and delivery .., …., greater … deliveries
50% don’t finish hs
greater …, lower … scores, greater …, greater …

A

health; socioeconomic; miscarriage; stillbirth; complications; low birth weight; premature; poverty; intelligence scores; abuse; neglect

118
Q

(moral and social development) reinke: life course of women
1. no … phase
2. …. phase
3. … age phase
4. … phase
5. … phase (1st child leaving home-last child leaving) aka … phase
6 …. phase

A 
children
starting a family
school
adolescent
launching; empty nest 
postparental
119
Q

(moral and social development) early and middle adulthood–> physical changes:
20s and 30s: .. of life
late 30s: gradual …
middle age: loss of ….., …, …, mostly associated with … and …, not …

A

prime; decline

vigor; vitality; endurance; diet; exercise; aging

120
Q

(moral and social development) early/middle adulthood:
…: lens in eye can no longer accommodate near vision
…: ages 45-55: physical symptoms –> hot flashes, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, depression; affects everyone around her

A

presbyopia; menopause

121
Q

(moral and social development) intellectual ability:
memory differences between the elderly and young adults:
sensory memory: … –> when diffs do appear they are possibly due to the way young adults and elderly … –> adults are more … whereas elderly .. their focus more

A

no significant diffs; distribute their attention; flexible; restrict

122
Q

(moral and social development) memory diffs:
short term mem:
… –> what impact does task difficulty have? … perform better

A

no sig diffs; young adults

123
Q

(moral and social development) memory diffs:
long term mem:
…: no differences
…: there is a diff–. one possible explanation as to why this occurs–> elderly less likely to take risks if not sure

A

recognition; recall

124
Q

(moral and social development) does a person’s profession play a role in productivity?
historians, philosophers, no decline through …
scientists - …
arts - dramatic decline in …

A

70s; 60s; 70s

125
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
singles-playing the filed
recent trend: … for people under 25–> is the divorce rate of these couples higher/lower when compared to those who do not cohabitate? …

A

cohabitation; higher

126
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
marriage
median age- 1960- females …; males …
today: females …; male …
impact of marriage: quality of life–> married people are … and … –> better able to deal with … of life compared to those who are unmarried
rate of divorce for 1st marriage is … compared to for 2nd, 3rd, etc

A

20; 23; 25; 27
happier; live longer
stresses; lowest

127
Q 
life style patterns in adulthood: 
divorce: 
rate in 1960: 9 per 1000 
today: 20 per 1000 
age groupings: 35-54 experience greater ... 
55+: less ... potentially
A

discord; financial stressors

128
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
parenthood:
… decreases after first born child –> women especially bc women are generally …; partly post partum impact
rates of depression … due to added stress, tension, financial obligations

A

marital satisfaction; primary caretakers; higher

129
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
remaining childless: may be because one or both of the parents had a …
… factors

A

bad childhood; financial

130
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
career choice: critical to … and ….–> sense of … from job
if who you are is tied to your career, any change in that/retirement will have a … impact on sense of worth and value

A

identity; self-esteem; worth; negative

131
Q

life style patterns in adulthood:
trends:
middle aged workers –> … job satisfaction –> job is usually more … at this point
… women in workforce

A

greater; stable; more

132
Q

later adulthood:

physical changes–> …, …, …/…/…/… function

A

vision; stamina; heart; lung; kidney; muscle

133
Q

later adulthood:
80% people over 65 have 1 or more of the following:
…, …, … problems, … blood pressure
leading causes of death: …, …, …

A

arthritis; rheumatism; heart; high; heart disease; cancer; stroke

134
Q

later adulthood:
cognitive issues:
…: greater verbal ability and general knowledge over time
…: less abstract reasoning and mental flexibility over time

A

crystallized intelligence

fluid intelligence

135
Q

later adulthood:
Alzheimer’s and dementia:
…: mental deterioration caused by physical deterioration of brain
…: incurable form of …–> progressive deterioration of intellect, personality; widespread degeneration of brain cells

A

senile dementia; Alzheimer’s; dementia

136
Q 
latter adult life adjustments: 
... 
loss of .. 
losing a ... 
... and ...
A

retirement
peers
spouse
death; dying

137
Q

latter adult life adjustments:
Kubler-ross: 5 stages of death and dying
…
…- 1st stage of …; realizing for the first time now that you are actually going to die
…
…
…

A 
denial 
anger; acceptance 
bargaining
depression 
acceptance
138
Q

latter adult life:
decisions about death
…
…: period of mourning following loss of a loved one; do those who show intense grief, weeping, pain get through this process better? no, everyone handles it differently

A

assisted death

bereavement

Psych 102 (4 decks)

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