Exam 1 - Chp 5: Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits

Question 1

What does A_ or a_ mean?

Answer 1

One allele is known, the other isn’t

Question 2

What is P in a pedigree?

Answer 2

The first generation, parents

Question 3

What is F1 in a pedigree?

Answer 3

The first generation produced by the original P parents; continues onto F2, F3, so on

Question 4

What is a “wild type?”

Answer 4

The typical variation found in nature

Question 5

Are mutants typically recessive or dominate?

Answer 5

Recessive

Question 6

What is an allele?

Answer 6

Different versions of how a gene is expressed

Question 7

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 7

Individual has the same version of an allele for a gene (AA or aa)

Question 8

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 8

Individual has different versions of allele for a gene (Aa)

Question 9

What is the dominant allele?

Answer 9

Allele expressed when organism is heterozygous

Question 10

What is the recessive allele?

Answer 10

Allele expressed only if organisms is homozygous

Question 11

What varieties did Gregor Mendel use to study inheritance?

Answer 11

True-breeding varieties

Question 12

What are true-breeding organisms?

Answer 12

Organisms that are homozygous their trait

Question 13

What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Answer 13

Two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation and stay as separate entities

Question 14

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 14

A cross between two individuals with two traits that are not related in inheritance to determine genotype and phenotype combinations

Question 15

What are non parental?

Answer 15

A combination of traits not found in parents defined by Gregor Mendel

Question 16

What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 16

A single individual can produce many genetically different genotypes

Question 17

How is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment conducted in cell division?

Answer 17

Recombination

Question 19

What is recombination?

Answer 19

Different organization of alleles in offspring

Question 20

What is a dihybrid test cross?

Answer 20

A cross between AaBb and aabb that would produce a phenotypic ration of 1:1:1:1

Question 21

How is probability calculated?

Answer 21

(Number of times event should occur)/(Total number of events)

Question 22

When is the product rule used? How?

Answer 22

To determine the probability of two or more events occurring sequencing; multiple probabilities together

Question 23

When is the sum rule used?

Answer 23

When two or more independent events produce the same result their values can be added

Question 24

When is the bionomial expansion equation used?

Answer 24

Determining the probability of multiple events happening when you don’t know the order of them

Question 25

What does the chi squared test do?

Answer 25

Determine goodness of fit

Question 26

When a chi squared test used in genetics?

Answer 26

To determine if the observed phenotypic/genotypic ratios match the expected

Question 27

What does a fully colored in shape mean on a pedigree?

Answer 27

It is affected by the trait

Question 28

What does a square on a pedigree mean?

Answer 28

Male

Question 29

What does a circle on a pedigree mean?

Answer 29

Female

Question 30

What does a partially shaded shape on a pedigree mean?

Answer 30

carrier of recessive trait (heterozygous)

Question 31

What does a high chi squared probability signify?

Answer 31

Observed values fit expected values well

Question 32

When do you reject the null hypothesis of chi squared?

Answer 32

When probability is less than 0.05 or 5%

Question 33

What does a lower chi squared values signify?

Answer 33

A higher chance that the observed values correlate to the expected

Question 34

What does a higher chi value signify?

Answer 34

A higher chance that the observed values correlate to the expected