Exam 1: Chapter 4 - Health promotion of toddlers (1-3 years)

Question 1

When do the anterior fontanels close?

Answer 1

18 months of age

Question 2

What is the growth rate of toddlers (height and weight)?

Answer 2

• weight: 1.8-2.7 kg (4-6lbs)/yeah
• height: 7.5 cm (3in)/year

Question 3

How much should a toddler weight by 30 months of age (2.5 years)?

Answer 3

4x their birth weights

Question 4

At what age should the head circumference be equal to the chest circumference?

Answer 4

By 1-2 years of age

Question 5

What is Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development and when does it occur?

Answer 5

Around 2 years of age, object permanence becomes fully developed, toddlers have and demonstrate memories of events that relate to them.

Question 6

When does domestic mimicry (playing house) become evident?

Answer 6

Around 2 years of age during the preoperstional stage of cognitive development

Question 7

What does language development look like in toddlers? (1-3 years)

Answer 7

• 1 year: one-word sentences or holophrases
• 2 year: multiword sentences with 2-3 words
• 3 years: several words to creat simple sentences

Question 8

How many words should a toddler speak by age 2?

Answer 8

50-300 words

Question 9

What is erikson’s theory of autonomy vs. shame and doubt of psychosocial development and when does it occur?

Answer 9

Toddlers are trying to find their independence and explore the environment beyond those most familiar to them

Question 10

What is egocentric moral development?

Answer 10

Toddlers are unable to see things from the perspectives of others and can only view things from their personal points of view

Question 11

What body-image changes occur with toddlers?

Answer 11

• toddlers appreciate the usefulness of various body parts
• toddlers develop gender identity by 3 years of age

Question 12

When should toilet training begin?

Answer 12

When toddlers have the sensation to pee or poop. nighttime control might develop last

Question 13

How does play change from infant to toddler?

Answer 13

Solitary play evolved into parallel play where toddlers observe other children and might engage in activities nearby

Question 14

What motor skills are developed by 15 months of age?

Answer 14

Gross: walks without help, creeps up stairs
Fine: used a cup well, builds a tower of 2 blocks

Question 15

What motor skills are developed by 18 months of age?

Answer 15

Gross: runs clumsily, falls often, throws ball overhand, jumps in place with both feet, pulls and pushes toys
Fine: manages a spoon without rotation, turns pages in a book 2-3 at a time, builds a tower with 3-4 blocks

Question 16

What motor skills are developed by 2 years of age?

Answer 16

Gross: walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step
Fine: builds a tower with 6-7 blocks, turns pages of book one at a time

Question 17

What motor skills are developed by 2.5 years of age?

Answer 17

Gross: jumps across the floor and off a chair or step using both feet, stands on one foot momentarily, takes a few steps on tiptoe
Fine: drawls circles, had good hand-finger coordination

Question 18

What immunizations are due at 12-15 months of age?

Answer 18

• inactivated poliovirus (3rd dose between 6-18 months)
• haemophilus influenzae type B
• pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,
• measles/mumps/rubella
• varicella

Question 19

What immunizations are due at 12-23 months of age?

Answer 19

• HepA (given in 2 doses at least 6 months apart)

Question 20

What immunizations are due at 15-18 months of age?

Answer 20

-diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis

Question 21

How much milk should toddlers consume a day?

Answer 21

24-28 oz of milk

Question 22

When can toddlers switch from whole milk to low-fat milk?

Answer 22

after 2 years of age

Question 23

How much sleep do toddlers typically get?

Answer 23

11-12 hrs per day including one nap

Question 24

When to teach how to swim

Answer 24

Toddler age (1-3)

Question 25

When can a toddler be switched to a forward facing car seat?

Answer 25

2 years of age