Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediactrics > Exam 1: Chapter 3 - Health promotion of infants (2 days-1 year) > Flashcards

Exam 1: Chapter 3 - Health promotion of infants (2 days-1 year) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the head circumference of a full-term newborn

A

33-35cm, 13-14in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the crown to rump length in a full-term newborn

A

31-35 cm, 12.5-14in. approximately equal to head circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the length of a full-term newborn

A

head to heel is 48-53 cm,19-21 in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the weight of a full-term newborn

A

2700-4000g, 6-9lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t/f: newborns will lose up to 10% of their birth weight by 3-4 days of age due to fluid shifts, loss of meconium, and limited intake, especially infants who are breastfed.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

t/f: weight lost in the first 3-4 days after birth will not be regained until a month after birth.

A

false. it will be regained by the 10th - 14th day of life depending on the feeding method used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 1 month of age?

A

Gross: demonstrates head lag
Fine: has a strong grasp reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 2 month of age?

A

Gross: lifts head off mattress when prone
Fine: holds hands in an open position, grasp reflex is fading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 3 month of age?

A

Gross: raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone, only slight head lag
Fine: no longer has a grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 4 month of age?

A

Gross: rolls from back to side
Fine: grasps objects with both hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 5 month of age?

A

Gross: rolls from front to back
Fine: uses palmar grasp dominantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 6 month of age?

A

Gross: rolls from back to front
Fine: holds bottle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 7 month of age?

A

Gross: bears full weight on feet, sits leaning forward on both hands
Fine: moves objects from hand to hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 8 month of age?

A

Gross: sits unsupported
Fine: begins using pincer grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 9 month of age?

A

Gross: pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees
Fine: has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 10 month of age?

A

Gross: changes from a prone to a sitting position
Fine: grasps rattle by its handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 11 month of age?

A

Gross: cruises or walks while holding onto something
Fine: places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What motor skills should be developed by 12 month of age?

A

Gross: sits down from a standing position without assistance, walks with one hand held
Fine: tried to build a two-block tower without success, can turn pages in a book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what age do the fontanels (posterior and anterior) close?

A

Posterior: 2-3 months of age
Anterior: 12-18 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the average weight of a 6 month old infant?

A

7.26kg (16 lb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the average weight gain of an infant?

A

~ 680g (1.5lb)/month during first 5 months of life
- birth weight doubled by 5 months, tripled by 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the average weight of a 12 month old infant?

A

9.75kg (21.5lb), tripled birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the average height gain of an infant?

A

~ 2.5cm (1in)/month for first 6 months
- grows in spurts after 6 months and birth length is increased by 50% by the age of 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the head circumference gain of an infant?

A

~ 2cm (0.75in)/month during first 3 months, 1cm (0.4in)/month for 4-6 months, 0.5cm (0.2in)/month during 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how many teeth should be present in an infants mouth at 1 year of age?

A

6-8 teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At what age do the first teeth start to come in in an infant?

A

6-10 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How old does an infant have to be for ibuprofen to be given for pain like dentition?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When is the sensorimotor stage according to Piaget? (cognitive development)

A

birth - 24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are three important tasks accomplished in the sensorimotor stage?

A

Separation, object permanence, mental representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens in the sensorimotor stage?

A

Infants progress from reflexive to simple repetitive to imitative activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is separation that occurs in the sensorimotor stage?

A

infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is object permanence that occurs in the sensorimotor stage?

A

the process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it is out of view. occurs at 9-10 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is mental representation that occurs in the sensorimotor stage?

A

the ability to recognize and use symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the first form of verbal communication in an infant?

A

Crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How often do infants cry?

A

1-1.5 hrs each day for up to 3 weeks of age, then build up to 2-4 hrs by 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When does crying start to decrease in an infant?

A

12 weeks of age

37
Q

When do infants start to vocalize by cooing noises?

A

3-4 months

38
Q

When do infants start to show considerable interest in the environment and turn head to sound of rattle

A

3 months of age

39
Q

When do infants start to laugh and squeal?

A

4 months

40
Q

When are infants able to make single vowel sounds?

A

2 months

41
Q

How does speech progress in an infant?

A

Begins by speaking 2-word phrases and progress to speaking 3-word phrases

42
Q

At what age can an infant say 3-5 words?

A

1 year

43
Q

At what age does an infant comprehend the word “no” and is able to obey single commands accompanied by gestures?

A

9-10 months

44
Q

When is the trust vs. mistrust stage according to Erikson? (psychosocial development)

A

birth - 1 year/12 months

45
Q

What happens in the trust vs. mistrust stage?

A

infant begins to learn delayed gratification and achieving this stage/task is based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and the care received by the infant

46
Q

How is trust developed in the trust vs. mistrust stage?

A

meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs

47
Q

How is mistrust developed in the trust vs. mistrust stage?

A

needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if needs are inconsistently met before being vocalized by the infant

48
Q

What is attachment and when does it take place?

A

Attachment is when infant begins to bond with their parents. it’s seen within the first month but starts before birth.

49
Q

How is attachment enhanced?

A

When infants and parents are in good health, have positive feeding experiences, and receive adequate rest

50
Q

What is separation-individualization and when does occur?

A

When infants distinguish themselves and their primary caregiver as separate individuals at the same time object permanence is developing. occurs during the first year of life

51
Q

What is separation anxiety and when does it occur?

A

Infants will protest separation from parents begins at 4-8 months and infants are able to anticipate mothers imminent departure by watching behaviors by 11-12 months

52
Q

What is stranger fear and when does it occur?

A

when infants have the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people, it becomes evident between 6-8 months

53
Q

What is reactive attachment disorder?

A

It results from maladaptive or absent attachment between the infant and primary caregiver and continues through childhood and adulthood

54
Q

What does social development include in infants?

A

Attachment, separation-individualization, separation anxiety, and stranger fear

55
Q

What are body-image changes that occur in infants?

A

Infants discover that mouths are pleasure producers, hands and feet are seen as objects of play, and infants discover that smiling causes others to react

56
Q

What are age appropriate activities for infants?

A

Play that should be solitary that provides interpersonal contact and education stimulation

57
Q

What are safety instructions for placing an infant in a car seat following discharge?

A
  • federally approved car seat
  • 45 degree angle to prevent slumping and airway obstruction
  • rear facing
  • shoulder harnesses placed in slots at or below the level of the infants shoulders
  • retainer clip placed at a level of the infants armpits
58
Q

Upon discharge, what information should a nurse provide parent about newborn physician visit?

A

Newborn will require checkup by provider within 72 hours of discharge, especially important for breastfed newborns to evaluate weight and hydration status

59
Q

What immunizations are due at birth?

A

Hepatitis B (Hep B)

60
Q

What immunizations are due at 2 months?

A
  • diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTaP)
  • rotavirus vaccine (RV)
  • inactivated poliovirus (IPV)
  • Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
  • pneumococcal vaccine (PCV)
  • Hep B
61
Q

What immunizations are due at 4 months?

A
  • diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTaP)
  • rotavirus vaccine (RV)
  • inactivated poliovirus (IPV)
  • Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
  • pneumococcal vaccine (PCV)
62
Q

What immunizations are due at 6 months?

A
  • diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTaP)
  • rotavirus vaccine (RV)
  • inactivated poliovirus (IPV) (6-18 months)
  • Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
  • pneumococcal vaccine (PCV)
  • Hep B (6-18 months)
63
Q

What immunizations are due at 6-12 months?

A

seasonal influenza vaccination yearly

64
Q

How long does breastfeeding provide a complete diet for infants?

A

first 6 months of life

65
Q

What milk is and is not recommended for an acceptable alternative to breast milk?

A

Recommend: Iron-fortified formula
Non-recommended: Cow’s milk

66
Q

What vitamin supplement is recommended to newborns?

A

Vitamin D within first few days of life to prevent rickets and vitamin D deficiency

67
Q

When are iron supplements recommended for infants?

A

Infants that are being exclusively breastfed after the age of 4 months

68
Q

What could occur with intake of juice or water in newborns during the first 4 months of life?

A

Hyponatremia and water intoxication

69
Q

what should fruit juice be limited to in infants 6 months of age?

A

4-6oz per day

70
Q

When should solids be introduced to infants?

A

Around 6 months of age

71
Q

What are indicators that infants are ready to consume solids?

A
  • interest in solid foods
  • voluntary control of the head and trunk
  • disappearance of the extrusion reflex
72
Q

What solids are typically introduced first and why?

A

Iron-fortified cereal due to its high iron content, vegetables and fruits started between 6-8 months of age then meats may be added

73
Q

How should solids be introduced?

A

One at a time over a 5-7 day period to observe for allergy or intolerance

74
Q

What are manifestations of allergy or intolerance when introducing solids to infants?

A

fussiness, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

75
Q

How should breast milk/formula be altered when solids start to be introduced?

A

It should be decreased but remain the primary source of nutrition through the first year

76
Q

What solid foods are appropriate for infants at 1 year of age?

A

table foods that are well-cooked, chopped, and unseasoned

77
Q

What are appropriate finger foods for infants?

A

ripe bananas, toast strips, graham crackers, cheese cubes, noodles, firmly-cooked vegetables, raw pieces of fruit (except grapes)

78
Q

When does weaning happen?

A

When infants are able to drink from a cup

79
Q

How does weaning occur?

A
  • gradually replace one bottle or breastfeeding at a time with breast milk or formula in a cub with handles
  • bedtime feedings are the last to be stopped
80
Q

When is a nocturnal sleep pattern developed in infants?

A

3-4 months of age

81
Q

When nocturnal sleep patterns are established, how much do infants sleep?

A

14-15 hr daily and 9-11 hr at night around the age of 4 months

82
Q

What do sleep patterns look like when infants are 12 months old?

A

infants sleep throughout the night and take 1-2 naps during the day

83
Q

What is injury prevention for aspiration of foreign objects?

A
  • hold infant for feedings, do not prop bottles
  • small objects that can be lodged should be avoided
  • provide age-appropriate toys
  • check clothing for safety hazards (loose buttons)
84
Q

What is injury prevention for bodily harm?

A
  • keep sharp objects out of reach
  • anchor heavy objects/furniture
  • do not leave infant unattended with animals present
85
Q

What is injury prevention for burns?

A
  • avoid warming formula in microwave
  • check bath water temperature
  • hot water thermostats should be set at or below 120*
  • ensure working smoke detectors
  • turn handles of pots and pans to back of stove
  • use sunscreen
  • cover electrical outlets
86
Q

What is injury prevention for drowning?

A
  • do not leave unattended in or next to water
  • secure fencing around swimming pools
  • close bathroom doors
87
Q

What is injury prevention for falls?

A
  • keep crib mattresses in lowest position
  • use restrains in infant seats
  • place safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs
88
Q

What is the injury prevention for poisoning?

A
  • avoid exposure to lead paint
  • toxins and plants should be kept out or reach
  • place safety locks on cabinets with cleaning supplies
  • keep phone number for poison control near phone
  • keep medications in childproof containers
  • keep working carbon monoxide detector in home
89
Q

What is the injury prevention for suffocation?

A
  • crib slats should be no farther apart than 6 cm (2.375 in)
  • crib mobiles and/or crib gyms should be removed by 4-5 months of age
  • place infants on back for sleep
  • remove drawstrings from jackets or other clothing
  • crib mattresses should fit snuggly

Pediactrics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions