Exam 1 Ch.3 Flashcards
We are mostly ___ in our ideologies according to the book
transitional
Attitudes towards men and women roes
gender ideologies
Attitudes Towards Women Scale
developed during women movement of 1960s , this scale fails at contemporary aspects such as military
Culture differences in attitudes (Black vs. White)
Black women are less trad than black men and black men and white men share have similar attitudes towards women in politics, black men are more favorable to women working outside the home that white
Culture differences in attitudes (China)
According to Confucianism, women hold lower status, making Chinese more traditional. When it comes to education and working its an extension of domestics
Modern vs, Traditional Sexism
Modern says there is no sexism and traditional says yo were different
Sexism that says women need help cause were frail
Benevolent
What three items are benevolent and hostile sexism categorized in?
Patriarchy, gender differentiation, sexual reproduction
What kind of sexism is associated with social dominance orientation and endorsement of rape myths?
Hostile
Why would women support benevolent sexism?
Because they get rewards and it doesn’t seem negative in appearance
What is an example of benevolent discrimination?
Men holding a door
Who scores highest on homophobia?
Males, and non-White, teen men
Jokes, insults, antigay comments
Heterosexual Hassles
Who is most likely to be harassed on LGBT?
Young males
Women score higher on ____ sexism than men
Hostile
Features we assign to men and women on our society, not biological
Gender-role stereotypes
How people ARE i.e. nurturing women
Descriptive
How we think people OUGHT to behave due to their sex
Prescriptive
Category and target based expectancies
When you don’t know much about a person but you expect based on the category they are in (sex) or the target (the specific person)
Older people and stereotypes
Since men are supposed to be more competent, they see more of a decline with age
In an ethnic study which group of women rated least sociable
Asian American
Homosexuality and Stereotypes (Masculinity and Femininity)
Males and Lesbians are masculine, gay men and females and feminine
Homosexuality and Media study
Negative to start, and negative and negative image, but positive portrayal of a character and positive beliefs are associated
Children that are under age 5 and stereotype
can link feminine toys and masculine (18-42 months females, 31 months males)
Children 5-6 stereotypes
Category based not target
Children 7-8 stereotypes
girls how they look boys what they do more individuating
Do subtypes decrease stereotypes?
No, successful African American is still stereotyping
Feminism lite
Women preferred a more feminine speaker than not, and appearance did not affect non feminist women
What are three feminist stereotypes?
- Hate men
- Unattractive
- Lesbian
Just know that
if it doesn’t fit into our stereotype we disconfirm it or make a subtype
According to this theory we are more likely to make dispositional attributions for a behavior that is not normative, but unique
Correspondant inference theory (crying in comedy is not normative so we assume they are sensitive)
The penalty that is imposed on people for counterstereostypical behavior
Backlash effect
Are stereotypes easier to change when it is clear or ambiguous?
Clear cause you can measure it better
Prototype approach
Will makes all gay guys bad
Why is it difficult to research gender role stereotypes?
We do not have objective measures of many traits and behaviors
Term saying we might have one standard for defining behavior for one group, but another standard for defining behavior in another group
Shifting Standard
How does the shifting standard make it difficult to compare men and women
We have different standards for defining a behavior for men and women (sports and aggressive behavior)
Stereotypes and Status
Men and Women of high status are more instrumental and assertive
Stereotypes are ___ based expectancies
Category
People se a correspondence between a mentally healthy person and a mentally healthy
male
What four things influence gender role stereotypes?
- Age
- Race
- Class
- Sexual Orientation
What is one way stereotypes are positive?
They helps simplify information-processing
What are four things we do that makes it hard to alter stereotypes?
- Create subtype
- Make a situational attributes
- Fail to recall it
- Ignore the information
What is one way to alter a stereotype?
Present them with an example of someone who disconfirms the stereotype
Why is it difficult to find if stereotypes are accurate?
The shifting standard
Ann Hopkins and David Shorer
Ann was a famous sex discrimination case who was denied partnership, and Shorer was a famous transsexual case the first
Conditions that Foster Stereotyping (2)
- When an individual is unique in his or her category
2. When the group to which an individual belongs is incongruent with the persons role
