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Psychology of Gender > Exam 1 Ch.1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Ch.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sex is the first category learned by children because (3)

A
  1. Sex has only two categories
  2. The categories are mutually exclusive
  3. We are immediately exposed to members of both categories
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2
Q

What are myriad factors (3)?

A

Factors that go into the appearance of sex and they are time, person audience, and characteristics of one making the observation

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3
Q

Which category is more stable, sex or gender?

A

Sex

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4
Q

What distinguishes male and female?

A

psychological features and role attributes

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5
Q

What is the content of gender categories established by? (3)

A

Society, Culture, and time

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6
Q

Sex-Related Behavior

A

the behavior correspondes to sex, but it does not say anything about the cause to etiology of the difference

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7
Q

Role

A

social position accompanied by a set of norms or expectations

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8
Q

Female Intrarole conflict example

A

Women emotional express feeling but be sensitive to needs of others: Woman is unhappy in marriage not sensitive but expressing

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9
Q

Student Interole Conflict

A

Female and Student, female is expected to be passive student expected to be active in class

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10
Q

Gender status and negative gender role norms

A

Men have it worse because it is more accepted to have women go as men cause women are moving up men are down

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11
Q

Gender identity or Gender Role Identity

A

OUR PERCEPTION of the self as psychology female or male

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12
Q

Transgendered Individuals

A

people who live with a GENDER IDENTITY that does not correspond to they biological SEX

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13
Q

Transexuals

A

same as gendered but have hormonal for surgical treatment to change their SEX to correspond to their GENDER IDENTITY (more m-f than f-m)

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14
Q

Intersex

A

born with ambiguous genitals

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15
Q

What three components make up sexual orientation

A

love, affection, and sex

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16
Q

Sex-Typing , Cross Typing

A

process by which sex appropriate preferences, behavior, skills, and self-concept are acquired, female who acts feminine is sex typing but female who acts masculine is cross typing

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17
Q

Androgynous

A

incorporates both masculine and feminine qualities is not sex typed

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18
Q

Gender Role Attitude

A

OUR OWN PERSONAL VIEW of how men and women should behave

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19
Q

Traditional, Egalitarian, and Transitional gender role attitude

A

trad- men and women are trad., egal-men and women sam, transitional are both like if you believe they are equal but have primary focus

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20
Q

Attitude Components: Affect

A

Affect (feeling)- sexism (PREJUDICE toward people based on their sex) Like or dislike based on gender of maid

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21
Q

Attitude Components: Cognition

A

Sex stereotype/Gender-Role Stereotype (BELIEFS about the features if the biological or psychological categories of male or female) Example, male nanny would not be competent because he lacks required nutrient qualities

22
Q

Attitude Components- Behavioral

A

Sex Discrimination (involves the differential treatment of people based on their biological sex) Example, if you fire male maid because your dislike males as maids and doubt his competence as a man. It is also a result of sexism and gender role stereotyping

23
Q

Study stats on amount of feminists

A

3/4 endorsed beliefs but 11% identified, recently 17% F 7% M

24
Q

What are two reasons that people don’t identify as feminists?

A
  1. Feminism have negative connotations (f hate m)

2. Feminism and activism are seen together which creates negativity

25
Q

Denial of disadvantage

A

Women believes women as group need feminism but not her individually

26
Q

Gender Culture

A

SOCIETYS understanding of what is possible, proper, and perverse un gender linked behavior

27
Q

Gender Culture and Native Americans

A

There is a group that there are four genders, and the extra 3 and 4 are male and female Berdache. Basically a feminine male. They were viewed as highly sacred, and is a social identity rather than sexual orientation.

28
Q

Gender Culture and Balkans

A

take on gender role to societies needs, highly respected

29
Q

Gender Culture and Juchitan, Mexico

A

Muxe- biological males who dress like females and take on women roles in the community. Make more money than M or F and are regarded for artistic skills. Undecided if bio or social

30
Q

Gender Culture and Western

A

Genitals tell all

31
Q

Morocco, Tahiti, Agta Negrito

A

Look at this later

32
Q

Who has higher status in most cultures?

A

Males

33
Q

What are some reasons for a low female status?

A

Higher illiteracy rates for women, less access to medical care for women, lower earning rations, tolerance for physical abuse for women.

34
Q

Babies and Gender pref

A

Males strongly preferred males, females slightly females, and third said no pref. Most want child of each sex. China has sex-selective abortions

35
Q

Minimalists

A

The two sexes are fundamentally the same

36
Q

Maximalists

A

The two sexes are fundamentally different but not deficit

37
Q

Constructionists

A

argue that it is fruitless to study gender because gender cannot be divorced from its context, gender is generated by it’s perceiver, facts do not exist interpretations do, they look at how not what, they and asking as so is wrong

38
Q

When did Womens movements first occur

A

1800s, they didn’t argue that we were equal but rather for greater respect for themselves, the looked at abolition, temperence, and child labor laws

39
Q

When did women gain the right to vote?

A

1920

40
Q

What was the Feminine Mystique about and when was it published?

A

1963, “the problem that has no name” problem was women delegation to the domestic sphere of life inhibited their opportunities for personal development.

41
Q

When was the National Organization for Women established and by who?

A

Friedan, in 1966

42
Q

Purpose of NOW

A

this was start of equal rights and was to “take action to bring women to full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof, in truly equal partnership with men”

43
Q

NOW and Equal Rights Amendment

A

1967 ENDORSED, 1972 PASSED but three states fell short for ratification in 1982

44
Q

March for Women’s Lives

A

2004 largest mass action in U.S. History 1.5 million people to advocate for Women’s reproductive health

45
Q

CEDAW

A

international treaty that would ensure human rights for women around the world, U.S. has not ratified

46
Q

Mens movements

A

Some are to increase feminization of men, and acceptance of homosexuality, and others are reaction to womens movements and gear towards traditional roles

47
Q

Mythopoetic movement

A

Basically rituals ceremonies that bring men together

48
Q

Promise Keepers

A

Christian, no homo, nuclear family (benevolent)

49
Q

Who and when proclaimed scientists must refrain from using sexist language

A

1983, APA

50
Q

What are three ways to study gender

A
  1. Sex is used as a subject variable
  2. Study Psychological differences
  3. Sex is examined as stimulus or target variable pg. 25-26

Psychology of Gender (9 decks)

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