Exam 1: Ch 5 - Tissues, Glands & Membranes

Question 1

Definition and 4 types tissue

Answer 1

cells within similar structure and fxn. epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

epithelial tissue def

Answer 2

found throughout body covers internal and external surfaces, forms most glands, blood vessels, linings ect.

Question 3

5 functions of epithelia

Answer 3

1. protect underlying structures (outer layer, oral) 2. act as a barrier 3. permit passage of substances 4. secreting substances 5. absorbing substances thinner - secretion, absorption, filtration thicker - barrier, protection

Question 4

classification of epithelia

Answer 4

according to # cell layers AND shape of cells

Question 5

Classification of Epithelia chart w/ definition for sqamous, cuboidal, columnar

Answer 5

squamous = scale cuboidal = cube columnar = tall and thin (like column)

Question 6

simple squamous epithelium = in other words

Answer 6

one layer of thin fat cels

Question 7

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 7

fxn: absorption through diffusion, filtration, osmosis, secretion
found: lining of blood vessels/heart/lungs

Question 8

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 8

fxn: active transport, facilitated diffusion, allows secretion and absorption by cells
found: kidney, bronchioles, ovaries

Question 9

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 9

fxn: secretion, absorption. movement mucos( by cilated colmnar epithelium), movement bronchioles and oocyte
found: stomach, intestine, flands, uterus

Question 10

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 10

fxn: secrete mucus, move foreign particles over the surface
found: nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi of the lungs

Question 11

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 11

fxn: protect against abrasion, barrier against infection, reduces water loss from body
found: skin, mouth, vagina, corneas

Question 12

transitional epithelium

Answer 12

fxn: allows for fluid retention (volume)
found: urinary bladder, ureters

Question 13

Connective Tissue def general

Answer 13

material that seperates cells from one another

Question 14

connective tissue functions (7)

Answer 14

1. encloses and seperates (ex capsules around organs)
2. connects tissues to one another (ex tendons)
3. supporting and moving (ex skeletal sys)
4. storing (adipose tissue)
5. cushioning, insulation
6. transporting (blood)
7. protecting( agains toxins, bones protect organs)

Question 15

classification connective tissue table

Answer 15

Question 16

Loose aka..

Answer 16

fibrous

areolar CT

fxn: support, nourishment, fills space btw glands ect, basement membrance usually rest on loose CT, attaches skin to underlying tissue
found: widely throughout body

Question 17

adipose

Answer 17

fibrous, fat

fxn: packaging material, insulation, energy storage, protection
found: subcutaneous around organs, mammary glands

Question 18

dense collagenous connective tissue

Answer 18

fxn: ability to w/stand pulling force, great tensile strength, stretch resistant
found: tendons, ligaments, dermis, outerlayer BV

Question 19

dense elastic CT

Answer 19

fxn: allow tissue to stretch and recoil
found: vocal cords, walls of large arteries, ligaments

Question 20

marfan syndrome

Answer 20

genetic, abnormal production protein fibrillin-1 which is needed for function of elastic fibers and cystokines, thus many systems effected. major cause of death with synd is ruprute aorta – walls weaken – made of CT and elastic CT

Question 21

cytokine

Answer 21

produced by: macrohages, b t lymphocytes, mast clels, epthelial cells of spleen thymus bone marrow

• mediate immunity and allergy, relgulate maturation and growth and responsiveness.
• if derived from immune system they are cytotoxic and can kill certain types of cancer cells

Question 22

hyaine cartilageq

Answer 22

fxn: allows growth of long bone, provides rigidity with flexibility
found: long bones, cartilage rings if respiratory system, costal cartilage or ribs, articulating surface of bone, babys skeleton

Question 23

fibrocartilage

Answer 23

fxn: somewhat flexible, capable of withstanding considerable pressure
found: IVD, pubic, symphysis, articular disks, like at the knees and jaws

Question 24

elastic cartilage

Answer 24

rigid yet fragile, returns to original shape after being stretched or bent

found: external ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes

Question 25

bone

Answer 25

fxn: strength, support, protection, attachment site for mm, ligaments found: skeletal system

Question 26

Muscle tissue, definition and 3 types

Answer 26

makes movement possible, contraction occurs when proteins located in mm interact 1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. smooth (hollow organs)

Question 27

skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 27

fxn: movement of body found: body attachment all over body

Question 28

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 28

fxn: pumps blood under involuntary control found: heart

Question 29

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 29

fxn: forces fluid through tubes, involuntary control found: stomach, intestine

Question 30

nervous tissue

Answer 30

fxn: everything controlled by NS, mass comm. from beain to body vice versa, transmit electrical info found: brain, spinal cord, ganglia

Question 31

Nervous tissue

Answer 31

- forms brain, spinal cord, nerves - repsonsible for coordinating and controlling the body and its functions - vol and inbol control - nervous tissue cells communicate with one another with the cells of other tissues bye elctrical signal

Question 32

Neuron and 3 parts

Answer 32

- responsible for conduction fo AP - cell body, dendrite, neuroglia

Question 33

cell body of neuron

Answer 33

contains the nu, site of general cell fxn

Question 34

dendrite

Answer 34

"like a tree" - they usually receives stimuli that lead to electrical changes that either increase and decrease and AP in the neurons axon

Question 35

neuroglia

Answer 35

"glue" - the support cells of the NS, nourish, protect, insulate

Question 36

Inflammation

Answer 36

occurs when tissue is damaged - viral infections, proinflammatory iets, cuts, bacteria, sublaxtion patterns, microorgs, injury

Question 37

Inflammation process

Answer 37

inflammatory chemical mediators released, dilation of blood vessels, edema (fibrin forms network to wall of injury site, results in adhesions), neutrphil present (type of WBC to fight bacteria and forms pus)

Question 38

Reduce inflammation?

Answer 38

Rest Ice Compression Elevation

Question 39

how NSAIDS work

Answer 39

prevent sunthesis of prostaglands and related substances

Question 40

healing of minor wound

Answer 40

epithelial tissue and connective tissue self repair, blood clots, new connective tissue replaces epithelisum forming a scar

Question 41

chronic inflammation

Answer 41

when agent responsible for injury is not removed, healing process interfered with ex: lungs xposed to silica (sand) for long enough, normal tissue replaced with fibrous connective tissue , now at risk for TB