Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 2310 - Exam 1 > Exam 1: Ch 2 - Chemistry > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch 2 - Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemistry

A

scientific discipline concerned w/ atomic composition/structure of subs and rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter

A

all living and non living things, anything that occupies space has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mass

A

amount of matter obj holds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

weight

A

gravitational force acting on mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

kilograom

A

int. unit for mass. 1 kg - 2.2 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

element

A

simplest type of matter w/ unique chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of element, composed of protons, neutrons, and e-, neutral charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleus

A

P and Ns, 99.97% of the atom’s weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mass number =

A

P&N same, e- very litter to never counted. =P+N, or atomic number+N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atomic number=

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

isotopes

A

same atomic #, different mass # b/c differ number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of isotope

A

13C, 6 protons(always 6 for carbon), 7 neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemical bonding& types

A

out most e- transferred or shared btw atoms: ionic and covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ionic bond

A

when charged ions remain close to opposites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

covalent bonding

A

when atoms share 1 or more pairs of e-, H-H = molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

single vs double covalent bond

A

single electrons pair is shared btw 2 atoms vs 2 pairs of e- (O–C–O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal asym sharing of e-, so one pole has more e-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

polar molecules

A

have asy e- charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

non polar molecules

A

sym e- charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hydrogen bond

A

sharing of a hydrogen atom. A polar or asum molecule si attracted to + end and one - end. WEAK bonds. H+ weakly attracted to O- in h20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

molecule

A

when 2 or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

compound

A

2+ different types of atoms chemically combined(NaCl, glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

dissociation

A

when ionic compounds seperate(NaCl+H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chemical rxn

A

atoms, ions,molecules, or compounds interact to make or break bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

synthesis rxn

A

2+ reactants combine to form larger product(AAP+P=APPP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

decomposition rxn

A

opposite synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

exchange rxn

A

HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O. both decomposition and synthesis

30
Q

reversible rxn

A

can take place in either direction

31
Q

equilibrium

A

2 rxns proceeding in opp. directions at = speed

32
Q

work

A

ability to move matter

33
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

34
Q

kinetic energy

A

movement of obj, does work, when pot released, becomes kinetic

35
Q

mechanical energy

A

energy resulting from movement of obj, such as body(arms, legs, breathing, circulation)

36
Q

chemical energy

A

energy liberated or absorbed by a chemical reaction. ex: carbon can be oxidized(liberated) or absorbed in formation of chem compound

37
Q

chemical rxn ex ATP

A

phosphate group is detached by breaking covalent bond, energy is released - head - mm contraction - - synthesizing new molecules

38
Q

concentration

A

greater [], greater chances for rxn

39
Q

temp increase –

A

rate increase, disassociate faster

40
Q

catalysts

A

speeds up rxn w/o being permanently changed. ex enzyme, in many chem rxns

41
Q

acid + base

A

proton donor(releases H ions in water) + acceptor

42
Q

pH scale

A

potency of H or [H+]

43
Q

neutral sln

A

[H+]={OH-}, ph 7

44
Q

acidic sln

A

ph <7, [H+]>[OH-}

45
Q

basic sln(alkaline)

A

ph >7, [H+]

46
Q

buffer

A

chemical that resists changes in pH by binding to H+, preventing them from causing a decrease in pH

47
Q

inorganic

A

DOES NOT contain carbon

48
Q

organic

A

contains carbon. org. molecules are CHO, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

49
Q

oxygen

A

inorganic molecule, required to extract energy from food molecules

50
Q

CO2

A

produced when food molecules(ex glucose) are metabolized within cells, blood to lungs to exhale for elimination

51
Q

H2O

A

inorganic, can absorb large amounts of heat, can remain at stable temp, blood is mostly h20, cools body, lubricant, cushions organs, transports substances

52
Q

CHO

A

carbohydrate

53
Q

monosaccharides

A

1 sugar, smallest carb, simple ex: glucose,fructose, building blocks for cho

54
Q

disaccharides

A

2 sugars, table sugar = sucrose = glucose + fructose

55
Q

polysaccharides

A

2+sugars, glycogen, cellulose, found in human tissue, in liver and mm as the principle of cho reserve, converted to glucose

56
Q

lipids

A

fat, not dissolve h2o, makes glycerol and fatty acids. stores energy and pads/insulates

57
Q

trigs

A

triacylglycerols, most commong fat molecule. 3 fatty acids bound to glycerol molecule

58
Q

phospholipids

A

polar at one end(head, hydrophilic, phosphate containing) then non polar tail that is fatty acid chain hydrophobic

59
Q

steroids

A

bile salts, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cholesterol. other molecules are synthesized from it. ex: bile salts increase fat absorption in intestine, reproductive hormones. important component cell membranes

60
Q

protein

A

made by amino acids(20 types), 9 can only be obtained by diet

61
Q

denaturation

A

abnormal high temperature change in arrangement of AA, denatures tissue, permanent. ex: egg fried

62
Q

enzyme

A

protein catalysts that increases rate at which a chemical rxn proceeds w/o enzyme being permanently changed. LOWERS ACTIVATION ENERGY. enzymes join AA in chain forming a protein, enxymes can speed it up to about 1 million times faster than w/o it

63
Q

Enzyme depiction, name of the model

A

brings together 2 molecules that fit shape of enzyme, LOCK AND KEY, now AB created, detaches and enzyme can be used again

64
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid. genetic material cells, copies of dna transferred from one generation to next, contains info that determines structure of proteins. double stranded.

65
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid. contains sugar ribose(not deoxyribose) and contains uracil(rather than thymine). single stranded. found in cells, plays role in protein synthesis of mrna, trna, rrna

66
Q

nucleic acid

A

macromolecule, found in chromosome nucleoli, mitochondria, cytoplasm fo all cells in viruses. ex: DNA, RNA

67
Q

nucleotide

A

building block of DNA, RNA

68
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate. organic, in living organisms, adenosine is a sugar ribose w. organic base adenine.

69
Q

Potential energy stores in what ATP

A

covalent bond btw 2nd and 3rd P

70
Q

cyanide poisoning

A

lethal, interferes with production atp in mitochondria, thus no atp, cells die, heart and brain susceptible to cyanide. can happen from burning plastic or rubber, can be taken up by inhalation or absorption skin

BIO 2310 - Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions