Exam 1: Cardiovasular

Question 1

What does Cardiac Output X TPR =

Answer 1

Blood Pressure

Question 2

How do you calculate Cardiac Output

Answer 2

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 3

What response does the A1 receptor prompt?

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction

Question 4

What response does the B2 receptor prompt?

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Question 5

What response does the B1 receptor prompt?

Answer 5

Increased HR

Question 6

What receptor will lower the HR?

Answer 6

M2 (vagus)

Question 7

What response does the M (vascular) receptor prompt?

Answer 7

Vasodilation (So does B2)

Question 8

Which two receptors are not innervated?

Answer 8

B2 and M (vascular)

The two receptors for vasodilation

Question 9

What effect does A1 vasoconstriction have on the CV System?

Answer 9

Increase TPR

Increase BP

Question 10

What does TPR stand for?

Answer 10

Total Peripheral Resistance

Question 11

What effect does the increased HR from a B1 stimulation have on the CV System?

Answer 11

Increased CO

Increased BP

Question 12

What two receptors have the ability to Increase BP?

Answer 12

A1 & B1

Question 13

What Three receptors can lower BP?

Answer 13

B2
M
M2

Question 14

What is the effect the B2 Vasodilation has on the CV system (Same for M [vascular])

Answer 14

Decrease TPR

Decrease BP

Question 15

What is the effect the M2 (Vagus) receptor’s decrease in heart rate has on the CV system?

Answer 15

Decrease CO

Decrease BP

Question 16

Where are the A1 receptors found

Answer 16

vasculature on the systemic side (arteriole side)

Question 17

Where are the B1 receptors found?

Answer 17

In the cardiac tissue

Question 18

Where are the B2 receptors found?

Answer 18

In the arteriole vasculature just like the A1 receptors…they promote the opposite effect of the A1 receptors

Question 19

If the B2 and M (vascular) receptors are not innervated, then how do they get stimulated?

Answer 19

By EPI from the Adrenal Medulla

Question 20

Why are B2’s less important than A1 and B1 receptors?

Answer 20

Because they are not innervated by neurons

Question 21

What is tone?

Answer 21

Basal release of transmitters during resting conditions

Question 22

What is resting BP and HR?

Answer 22

120/80 @ 70 BPM

Question 23

What is BP and HR with no tone?

Answer 23

60/40 @ 75 BPM

Question 24

Why does an athlete have a low resting HR?

Answer 24

Because they have a very high vagal (parasympathetic) tone

Question 25

Why does you HR = 75 with NO tone, and less (70) with tone?

Answer 25

Because Vagal tone is -10 bpm and Beta1 tone is +5

Net effect is -5 bpm with tone

Question 26

Where is most of the tone coming from under resting condition?

Answer 26

NE on the A1 receptors in the vasculature

Question 27

When the stretch receptors detect an increased in BP what signal is sent out

Answer 27

Strong Vagus (PS) tone
Weak B2 tone
Together they decrease TPR and lower BP

Question 28

When the stretch receptors detect and decrease in BP what signal is sent out?

Answer 28

Strong increase in NE to A1
Weak increase to B1
This will increase TPR and HR increasing BP

Question 29

Isoproterenol is an agonist for which receptors?

Answer 29

B1 and B2

Question 30

What effect will a low dose of isoproterenol have on the Pulse rate, BP, and TPR?

Answer 30

B1 - Increases HR –> Increases CO –> Increase in Systolic BP
B2 - Lowers TPR –> Decrease in Diastolic BP

Net effect = Increased Pulse Pressure….and the reflex arc does not care about Pulse Pressure

Question 31

What effect will a low dose of EPI have on the Pulse Rate, BP, and TPR?

Answer 31

A1 - Increases TPR –> Increases Diastolic BP
B1 - Increases HR –> Increases CO –> Increases Systolic BP
B2 - Decreases TPR –> Decreases Diastolic BP

Net effect = Slight vasodilation because EPI has more effect on B2 at low doses…no rxn from reflex arc

Question 32

What effect will a low dose of NE have on the Pulse Rate, BP, and TPR?

Answer 32

NE effects A1 more than B1/B2

So there will be a large Increase in TPR so there will be an increase in Diastolic BP

NE is a very weak B2 agonist so there will be a stronger signal to increase HR/CO so Systolic BP will increase as well.

Net increase will be an increase in BP but a decrease in HR due to the reflex action overpowering NE’s effect on B1