Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we define gait

A

a repetitious sequence of limb movement to move the body forward while simultaneously maintaining stance stability

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2
Q

What is considered a gait cycle

A

a single sequence of one limb

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3
Q

Where do normal patients initiate contact and what is that term called?

A

with their heel, it is called heel strike

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4
Q

Why do we use the term “initial contact” instead of “heel strike”

A

because not all patients can achieve heel strike

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5
Q

What are the two cycle divisions of gait?

A

stance and swing

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6
Q

What is the definition of the stance phase

A

The entire period during which the foot is in contact with the ground

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7
Q

When does stance phase begin

A

with initial contact

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8
Q

What are the three subdivisions of stance phase

A
  1. Initial double stance
  2. Single stance/mid stance
  3. Terminal double stance
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9
Q

Which phase of stance begins gait cycle with both feet on the floor after initial contact

A

initial double stance

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10
Q

Which phase of stance being when opposite foot is lifted for swing (toe-off) and the entire body weight is on one extremity

A

Single stance

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11
Q

Which phase of stance begins with floor contact by other foot (contralateral initial contact) and continues until original stance limb is lifted for swing (ipsilateral toe off)

A

terminal double stance

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12
Q

How do we define swing phase of gait

A

begins as the original foot is lifted off the floor and continues until foot returns to the floor

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13
Q

What are the cycle division percentages and their sub-percentages

A

60% = 10% each double stance interval, 40% single limb support

40% swing

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14
Q

Why is the percentage of swing phase the same as single limb stance phase?

A

They occur at the same time

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15
Q

How do we define the term “stride”

A

a single gait cycle and is based on the actions of one limb. Initial contact of R leg to initial contact of R leg again. (two steps)

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16
Q

How do we define the term “Step”

A

refers to the timing between two separate limbs. Initial contact R to initial contact L.

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17
Q

How many steps are in a gait cycle/or stride

A

two

18
Q

What two key aspects are significant in each phase when it comes to gait analysis

A

timing and joint angle

19
Q

What are the three basic tasks a limb needs to accomplish during gait

A
  1. weight acceptance
  2. Single limb support
  3. Swing limb advancement
20
Q

When does weight acceptance occur during gait

A

begins is the stance period and uses the first two phases (initial contact and loading response)

21
Q

When does single limb support occur during gait

A

Through mid-stance and terminal stance

22
Q

When does swing limb advancement occur during gait

A

pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

23
Q

Which of the three basic tasks that a limb needs to accomplish during gait is the most challenging task?

A

weight acceptance

24
Q

What are the three functional demands of weight acceptance

A

Shock absorption, initial limb stability, preservation of progression

25
Q

What is the first phase of gait

A

Initial contact

26
Q

Define initial contact

A

The moment the foot touches the floor and immediate reaction to the onset of body weight transfer

27
Q

Define loading response

A

Body weight transferred onto limb and continues until other foot is lifted for swing

28
Q

What is the second phase of gait

A

loading response

29
Q

what is the third phase of gait

A

Mid stance

30
Q

Define mid stance

A

First half of single limb support and begins when the other foot is lifted. It continues until body weight is aligned over forefoot

31
Q

What is the fourth phase of gait

A

terminal stance

32
Q

define terminal stance

A

Completes single limb support and begins with heel rise of original foot. Continues until other foot strikes the ground.

33
Q

What is the fifth phase of gait

A

pre-swing

34
Q

Define pre-swing

A

The second double stance interval and begins with initial contact of contralateral limb and ends with ipsilateral toe-off

35
Q

what is the sixth phase of gait

A

initial swing

36
Q

Define initial swing

A

Begins with lift of foot from floor and ends when swinging foot is opposite stance foot

37
Q

What is the seventh phase of gait

A

mid swing

38
Q

define midswing

A

Begins as swinging limb is opposite stance limb and ends when swinging limb is forward and tibia is vertical

39
Q

What is the eighth phase of gate

A

Terminal swings

40
Q

define terminal swing

A

Begins with a vertical tibia and ends when foot strikes the floor. Limb advancement is complete as the leg move ahead of the thigh