Exam 1 Flashcards
The set of health promotion and disease prevention objectives that is revised every 10 years are the \_\_\_\_\_\_. Dietary Allowances Healthy People objectives USDA Food Guidance System US Diet Requirements
Healthy People Objectives
The smallest units of life are\_\_\_. atoms cells organs tissues
cells
When you eat a taco, the tortilla, meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomato are broken apart, releasing the nutrients and other food components they contain. This process is called \_\_\_. absorption digestion neutralization transit
digestion
Which of the following substances is not absorbed by the human body? amino acids fatty acids fiber sugars
fiber
True or False?
The time it takes food to travel the length of the GI tract is called the transit time.
True
True or False?
Sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed into the body.
True
True or False?
The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the colon.
False
Does start at mouth, but ends at anus
Factors that influence transit time include all of the following EXCEPT the \_\_\_. composition of the meal emotional status of the individual use of certain medications all of these influence transit time
all of these influence transit time
The gastrointestinal tract is part of the endocrine system because it releases \_\_\_ that regulate digestion and the rate at which food moves through the digestive system. enzymes hormones mucus nerves
hormones
The mass of chewed food that is swallowed is called \_\_\_. bicarbonate the bolus chyme pepsin
the bolus
A \_\_\_\_\_ meal stays in the stomach the longest. high-carbohydrate high-fat high-protein low-fat
high-fat
\_\_\_\_ neutralizes the acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine. Bile Bicarbonate Gastrin Pepsin
Bicarbonate
In regard to blood circulation, if you begin with oxygen-poor blood that reaches the heart from the body and is pumped through arteries to capillaries of the lungs, then determine the order for the following:
- In capillaries of the body, nutrients and oxygen move from the blood to body tissues.
- Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart from the lungs by veins.
- In capillaries of the lungs, oxygen from inhaled air is picked up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released into the lungs and exhaled.
- Oxygen-rich blood is pumped out of the heart into arteries leading to the body.
3 → 2 → 4 → 1
DRIs vary based on each of these EXCEPT: age gender life cycle stage race
race
The DRI that is most commonly used to determine the nutritional value of individual diets are the: adequate intakes estimated average requirements recommended dietary allowances tolerable upper intake levels
recommended dietary allowances
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that no more than \_\_\_\_ percent of calories come from saturated fat. 5 7 10 12
10
MyPlate:
divides foods into 4 groups.
illustrates the appropriate proportions of food.
replaces the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
All of these are characteristics of MyPlate.
illustrates the appropriate proportions of food.
Which of the following is promoted by the Mediterranean Eating Pattern?
Eating poultry and eggs daily.
Consuming full-fat dairy products frequently.
Eating red meat and sweets less often.
Limiting consumption of nuts and seeds.
Eating red meat and sweets less often.
The \_\_\_\_\_ is a reference value for the intake of nutrients used on the food label. Adequate Intake Daily Value Estimated Average Requirement Recommended Dietary Allowance
Daily Value
The Daily Value amounts listed in the Nutrition Facts panel are based on a \_\_\_\_\_ calorie diet. 1500 1800 2000 2500
2000
Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are \_\_ amino acids. dietary supplements. phytochemicals. zoochemicals.
phytochemicals.
The three main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT:
contributing to the structure of our body.
providing us with energy.
regulating biological processes in the body.
speeding up our metabolism.
speeding up our metabolism.
Gram per gram, \_\_\_\_\_\_ provide the most kcalories. alcohol carbohydrates lipids proteins
lipids
Which of the following is associated with overnutrition? Anemia Failure to thrive Obesity and Type 2 diabetes Osteoporosis
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes
A deficient intake of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is known to produce osteoporosis. calcium iron Vitamin A Vitamin C
calcium
Ethan achieves his recommended intake of vegetables by eating a large baked potato every day. Which principle is he not achieving? balance moderation nutrient density variety
variety
True or False?
Foods with a high nutrient density contain more nutrients per calorie than do foods with a lower nutrient density.
True
True or False? A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested through experimentation.
True
True or False? Reliable nutrition information and current dietary recommendations are based on results of scientific, peer-reviewed research.
True
Describe the ABCD’s of a nutrition assessment on a patient.
The purpose of a nutrition assessment is to define and measure changes in a patient’s nutritional structure.
A is anthropometric. Doctor’s use it to measure a patient’s height and weight.
Biochemical is lab work ordered by the doctor usually to test the CBC (complete blood count).
Clinical is used to note the patient’s physical appearance. An example is if a patient looks pale.
Dietary is used as a 24 hour recall of what the patient has eaten.
Is fiber digestible? Why?
No because it doesn’t give us calories
What’s the purpose of fiber?
Makes sure that the digestive tract is working smoothly.
Sincewedo not digest it, thefiberin food passes into the intestine andabsorbswater.
The undigestedfibercreates “bulk” so the muscles in the intestine can push waste out of the body.
