Exam 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The branch of science that studies the STRUCTURE of body parts.
Physiology
The branch of science that studies what the body parts do and their FUNCTION.
Microscopic Anatomy
Examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. Needs a microscope.
Macroscopic Anatomy
AKA Gross Anatomy
Investigated the structure and relationships of the body parts that are VISIBLE to the unaided eye such as the intestines, stomach, brain, heart, kidneys.
Cytology
The study of body cells and their internal structure.
Histology
The study of Tissues
Anatomical Position
Standing upright, feet parallel and flat, palms facing anteriorly, level head with arms at side facing forward
Matter
Substance/ anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reaction- 92 naturally occurring elements
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that still retains the chemical properties of an element
Molecule
2 or more atoms held together by a covenant bond/ composed of atoms or ions held together by a covenant bond
Compound
Substance consisting of 2 or more elements combined into a fixed ratio
Neutrons
Subatomical particle with no electrical charge- Uncharged/neutral that makes up an atom
Proton
Has a positive charge of +1 subatomic particle that makes up an atom
Neutrons and protons compose almost the entire mass of an atom
Electron
Subatomic particle with negative charge that makes up an atom
Chemical symbol
Assigned to each element. Usually identified by its first letter plus an additional letter of its name. He-Helium, H-Hydrogen, C-Carbon
Determining the number of subatomical particles
Calculate the number of neutrons by taking the mass number and subtracting the number of protons found in the nucleus
Atomic number
Indicates the number of protons written directly above chemical symbol
Atomic mass
Total mass/weight of both protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Number directly below the chemical symbol
Negative Feedback Loop
Most process in the body are controlled by this.
A control mechanism that keeps a variable within normal levels. Resulting action will always be in the opposite direction of the stimulus.
Positive feedback loop
Control mechanism that increases the original change in a variable. Occurs much less frequently than negative feedback. Stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction UNTIL a climatic event occurs.
Non-polar Covalent Bond
Covalent bond between 2 atoms that share 1 or more pairs of valence electrons. Shared equally.
Covalent Bond
Sharing of a pair of valence electrons.
Polar Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond between atoms that differ in electro negativity (One negative and one positive)
