Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Transduction

A

Stimulus is changed into electrical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of stimuli

A

Mechanical deformation
Chemical
Change in temperature
Electromagnetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Example of electromagnetic stimuli

A

Rods and cones in retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 attributes of sensory systems

A

Modality
Location
Intensity
Timing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myelination increases conduction velocity by how much

A

6 fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of Lloyd’s nerve fiber that is unmyelinated

A

Type IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1 micron = __ meter/second

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lloyd’s type I fiber diameter

A

12-20 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lloyd’s type II fiber diameter

A

4-12 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lloyd’s type III diameter

A

1-4 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lloyd’s type IV diameter

A

<1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lloyd’s system is used for

A

Afferents from receptors in muscle and spinal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A change in receptor potential is associated with

A

Opening of ion (Na+) channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Above threshold, what happens as the receptor potential becomes less negative

A

Frequency of AP into CNS increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaptation

A

Decreased firing rate over time in response to a sustained stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Slow firing receptors

A

Merkel’s discs

Ruffini end organ’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Merkel’s discs are located in

A

Epidermis/dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ruffini end organ’s located in

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ruffini end organ’s are activated by

A

Stretching the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rapid firing receptors

A

Pacinian corpuscles

Meissner’s corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rapid firing receptors respond to

A

Vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The deeper the receptor, the _________ the receptive field.

A

Bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Membrane adaptation due to

A

Entry of calcium ions during action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ca2+ opens a K+ channel which

A

Increases permeability of the membrane for K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Type 1 mechanoreceptors found where

A

Outer layers of joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Type 1 mechanoreceptors have high or low threshold?

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Type II mechanoreceptors found where

A

Deeper layers of joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Type II mechanoreceptors have high or low threshold

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Type I mechanoreceptors fast or slow adapting?

A

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Type I mechanoreceptors have tonic or phasic effects on lower motor neuron pools

A

Tonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Type II mechanoreceptors slow or rapid adaptors?

A

Rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Type II mechanoreceptors have tonic or phasic effects on lower motor neuron pools?

A

Phasic

33
Q

Type III mechanoreceptors found where

A

Spinal joints

34
Q

Type III mechanoreceptors high or low threshold?

A

Very high

35
Q

Type III mechanoreceptors adaptation

A

Slow

36
Q

Joint version of Golgi tendon organ

A

Type III mechanoreceptors

37
Q

Type IV receptors

A

Nociceptors

38
Q

Type IV receptors high or low threshold?

A

Very high

39
Q

Type IV receptors in physiologic normal joint

A

Completely inactive

40
Q

Tactile information is fragmented by receptors therefore..

A

It must be integrated by the brain

41
Q

Stereognosis

A

Ability to perceive form through touch

42
Q

Stereognosis tests the ability of

A

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system

43
Q

Sensory modality categories

A

Pressure
Cold
Warmth
Nociceptors

44
Q

Wet perception stimulated by

A

Pressure and temperature receptors

45
Q

Ticklishness stimulated by

A

Gentle stimulation of pressure receptors

46
Q

Itching stimulated by

A

Gentle stimulation of nociceptors

47
Q

When fine textures are stroked, fingerprint ridges vibrate and cause what sensory receptor to respond

A

Pacinian corpuscles

48
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Rapid adaptors

Superficial (small field)

49
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Rapid adaptor

Deep (large field)

50
Q

Merkel’s discs

A

Slow adaptor

Superficial (small field)

51
Q

Ruffini’s end-organ

A

Slow adaptor

Deep (large field)

52
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

Enhances edges but does NOT improve acuity

53
Q

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system perceives

A

Touch and proprioception

54
Q

Anterolateral system perceives

A

Crude touch, nociception, temperature, tickle, itch and sexual sensations

55
Q

Cortical neurons defined by

A

Receptive field and modality

56
Q

Most nerve cells are responsive to how many modalities?

A

One

57
Q

Brodmann areas 3, 1, 2 location

A

Postcentral gyrus

58
Q

Brodmann area 3a receives input from

A

Muscle stretch receptors

59
Q

Brodmann area 3b receives input from

A

Cutaneous receptors

60
Q

Brodmann area 2 receives input from

A

Deep pressure receptors

61
Q

Brodmann area 1 receives input from

A

Rapidly adapting cutaneous receptors

62
Q

Motion sensitive neurons respond to

A

Movement in ALL directions

63
Q

Direction-sensitive neurons respond

A

To movement in ONE direction

64
Q

Orientation-sensitive neurons respond to

A

Movement along a specific axis

65
Q

Brodmann area 5 integrates what type of information

A

Tactile from mechanoreceptors in skin

Proprioceptive input from underlying muscles and joints

66
Q

Brodmann area 7 receives what type of input

A

Visual, tactile, proprioceptive inputs

67
Q

Brodmann area 7 integrates what type of info

A

Sterognostic and visual

68
Q

Secondary somatic sensory cortex location

A

Superior bank of lateral fissure

69
Q

Secondary somatic sensory cortex projects to where

A

Insular cortex

70
Q

Secondary somatic sensory cortex believed to be important in

A

Tactile memory

71
Q

Types of thermoreceptors

A

Cold

Warm

72
Q

Thermoreceptors discharge spontaneously under

A

Normal conditions

73
Q

Thermoreceptors discharge phasically when

A

Skin temp. Changes rapidly

74
Q

Considered extreme skin temps

A

<10 C

>50 C

75
Q

Nociceptors activated by what types of stimuli

A

Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical

76
Q

Sensations of pain

A 
Pricking
Burning
Aching
Stinging
Soreness
77
Q

Nociception

A

Reception of signals in CNS

78
Q

Pain

A

Perception of adversive or unpleasant sensation

Phys 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions