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Biochemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The structure of many macromolecules are made up of thousands of atoms held together by _____

A
  • covalent bonds
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2
Q

Noncovalent interactions

A
  • bonds that allow for the conformational changes needed to form higher levels of organization
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3
Q

Two properties of water allow it go serve as the intra and extracellular medium

A

1) its tendency to form hydrogen bonds

2) its polarity

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4
Q

Substances that are readily able to dissolve in water are referred to as

A
  • hydrophilic
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5
Q

Ionic compounds are highly _______ even though they tend to be solid in nature

A
  • hydrophilic
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6
Q

Ions become ________ by oriented water molecules known as ________

A
  • hydrated

- hydration shells

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7
Q

_________ molecules show only limited solubility in water

A
  • hydrophobic
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8
Q

Hydrophobic molecules do not form hydration shells with water. They form _____

A
  • clathrates
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9
Q

Hydrophobic molecules form clathrates which causes a _________(dec/inc) in __________ which is unfavorable

A
  • decrease

- entropy

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10
Q

When hydrophobic molecules aggregate to release some water molecules from the clathrate and increase energy this is known as the _________

A
  • hydrophobic effect
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11
Q

If a molecule exhibits both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties its referred to as _______

A
  • amphipathic
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12
Q

Amphipathic molecules have a head group that is _______ and a tail that is ________(usually a hydrocarbon)

A
  • highly hydrophilic

- highly hydrophobic

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13
Q

Acids are proton ______ and bases are proton ________

A
  • donors

- acceptors

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14
Q

_______ can act as a weak acid and weak base

A
  • water
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15
Q

When water ionizes one water molecule can transfer a proton to another water molecule to yield a ___________ and a __________

A
  • hydronium ion

- hydroxide ion

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16
Q

Kw, or the ion product of water is equal to

A

10^-14

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17
Q

If a solution has a high H+ it has a _______ pH and is a _________ solution

A
  • lower pH

- acidic solution

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18
Q

A solution containing low H+ must have a _________ -OH with a ______ pH and is a ______ solution

A
  • high
  • high
  • basic
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19
Q

The physiological pH range is ______

A

6.5-8

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20
Q

Some acids are able to lose one or more proton these are called _______

A
  • polyprotic acids
21
Q

A larger Ka value is indicative of a _______

A
  • stronger acid
22
Q

Pka formula

A

pKa=-logKa

23
Q

A small pKa is indicative of a _______ acid and a large pKa is indicative of a ________ acid

A
  • stronger

- weaker

24
Q

Henderson-Hasselbach formula

A

pH=pKa + log(A-/HA)

25
Q

Ratio of weak acid to base and pH can be changed during a _________

A
  • titration
26
Q

Two properties of water allow it go serve as the intra and extracellular medium

A

1) its tendency to form hydrogen bonds

2) its polarity

27
Q

Substances that are readily able to dissolve in water are referred to as

A
  • hydrophilic
28
Q

Ionic compounds are highly _______ even though they tend to be solid in nature

A
  • hydrophilic
29
Q

Ions become ________ by oriented water molecules known as ________

A
  • hydrated

- hydration shells

30
Q

_________ molecules show only limited solubility in water

A
  • hydrophobic
31
Q

Hydrophobic molecules do not form hydration shells with water. They form _____

A
  • clathrates
32
Q

Hydrophobic molecules form clathrates which causes a _________(dec/inc) in __________ which is unfavorable

A
  • decrease

- entropy

33
Q

When hydrophobic molecules aggregate to release some water molecules from the clathrate and increase energy this is known as the _________

A
  • hydrophobic effect
34
Q

If a molecule exhibits both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties its referred to as _______

A
  • amphipathic
35
Q

Amphipathic molecules have a head group that is _______ and a tail that is ________(usually a hydrocarbon)

A
  • highly hydrophilic

- highly hydrophobic

36
Q

Acids are proton ______ and bases are proton ________

A
  • donors

- acceptors

37
Q

_______ can act as a weak acid and weak base

A
  • water
38
Q

When water ionizes one water molecule can transfer a proton to another water molecule to yield a ___________ and a __________

A
  • hydronium ion

- hydroxide ion

39
Q

Kw, or the ion product of water is equal to

A

10^-14

40
Q

If a solution has a high H+ it has a _______ pH and is a _________ solution

A
  • lower pH

- acidic solution

41
Q

A solution containing low H+ must have a _________ -OH with a ______ pH and is a ______ solution

A
  • high
  • high
  • basic
42
Q

The physiological pH range is ______

A

6.5-8

43
Q

Some acids are able to lose one or more proton these are called _______

A
  • polyprotic acids
44
Q

A larger Ka value is indicative of a _______

A
  • stronger acid
45
Q

Pka formula

A

pKa=-logKa

46
Q

A small pKa is indicative of a _______ acid and a large pKa is indicative of a ________ acid

A
  • stronger

- weaker

47
Q

Henderson-Hasselbach formula

A

pH=pKa + log(A-/HA)

48
Q

Ratio of weak acid to base and pH can be changed during a _________

A
  • titration

Biochemistry (15 decks)

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