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Biochemistry > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

DNA is an information storage unit. Information is copied during ______ and distributed during _______.

A
  • interphase

- cell division

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2
Q

Replication characteristics

A 
1. chemically unidirectional     
5'->3'
2. spatially bidirectional (2 forks at once)
3. semi-conservative
4. semi-discontinuous
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3
Q

________ is the region of DNA that first separates and replication begins.

A
  • origin of replication
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4
Q

In ______ DNA replication proceeds in both directions away from the origin of replication.

A
  • bi directional replication
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5
Q

______ is the point of separation of double-stranded DNA at which incorporation of nucleotides occurs during DNA replication.

A
  • replication fork
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6
Q

______ is where each separated polynucleotide strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a single new complementary strand.

A
  • semi conservative replication
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7
Q

________ is the synthesis of DNA fragments that occurs in the lagging strand during DNA replication .

A
  • semi discontinuous replication
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8
Q

_____ are the name given to discontinuous fragments of DNA synthesized in the lagging strand

A
  • Okazaki fragments
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9
Q

Steps of DNA replication

A
  1. unwinding
  2. Primer synthesis (primase- RNA template)
  3. DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase 3).
  4. Replace RNA primers with DNA. (polymerase 1)
  5. Seal the gaps between the Okazaki fragments on lagging strand (ligase)
  6. Termination of synthesis (“ter” protein, telomeres).
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10
Q

In the _______ step of DNA synthesis DNA unwinds and stabilizes the duplex DNA to form the replication fork.

A
  • initiation
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11
Q

_____ catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of duplex DNA

A
  • helicase
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12
Q

________ prevent supercoiling & tangling of DNA during unwinding; bind ahead of the replication fork, nick supercoiling DNA, relaxes stress by allowing uncoiling.

A
  • topoisomerases
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13
Q

________ prevents re-annealing of the separated single strands and protects against nuclease degradation.

A
  • ssDNA binding proteins
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14
Q

_____ is an RNA Polymerase that synthesizes a short RNA “primer”.

A
  • primase
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15
Q

_______ cannot initiate DNA synthesis, they can only add nucleotides to the end of a chain that is base-paired with the template strand.

A
  • DNA polymerases
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16
Q

_______ can initiate synthesis without primer.

A
  • RNA polymerases
17
Q

_______ extends the RNA-primed chain.

A
  • DNA polymerase III
18
Q

________ later replaces RNA with DNA.

A
  • DNA polymerase I
19
Q

_______ joins DNA (Okazaki) fragments.

A
  • DNA ligase
20
Q

A ______ is a series of repeated TTAGGG DNA sequences located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes

A
  • telomere
21
Q

Each time a cell divides/replication occurs, some of the _____ is lost due to exonuclease activity, degradation continues and the cell dies

A
  • telomere
22
Q

________ is an enzyme that restores (synthesizes) telomere sequence.

A
  • telomerase
23
Q

Termination of DNA replication involves ______ or, the sequences at the ends of chromosomes that buffer against the loss of critical coding sequences following a round of DNA replication

A
  • telomeres
24
Q

In eukaryotes, DNA ______ runs off the ends of DNA; replication bubbles fuse as polymerases “collide”

A
  • polymerase
25
Q

Termination of DNA replication in prokaryotes is due to ___ sequences and binding proteins

A
  • Ter
26
Q

Termination of DNA replication in eukaryotes is due to ___ and ____

A
  • telomeres and telomerases
27
Q

Initiation Factors, _______ proteins bind to origin of replication.

A
  • DnaA proteins
28
Q

_______ is the frequency with which an enzyme dissociates from the template during DNA replication.

A
  • Processivity
29
Q

The _______ t is a sliding clamp that helps to keep the DNA polymerase bound to the template during many rounds of nucleotide addition

A
  • β subunit

Biochemistry (15 decks)

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