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Biology 115 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q 
A. cellulose 
B. chitin
C. starch 
D. glycogen
E. peptidoglycan
\_\_\_\_ forms sheets that stiffen the cell wall of bacteria

____ composes the cell wall of fungi

____ refers to insoluble fiber on food packages

A

E
B
A

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2
Q 
A. Non-polar covalent bond
B. Polar covalent bond
C. Ionic bond
D. Hydrogen bond
E. Van der Waal's force

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. This attraction is called a(n) ____.

In a(n) ____, outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the outer electron shell of another atom

A(n) ____ is when the atom is involved in the electron-sharing bond have the same electronegativity

In a DNA double helix, ____s form between the complementary nitrogenous bases.

A

D
C
A
D

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3
Q

Which of the following statements best distinguishes scientific hypotheses from scientific theories?
A. Hypotheses are generally supported by more evidence than theories.
B. Hypotheses are usually narrower in scope; theories have broader explanatory power
C. Hypotheses describe and theories explain
D. Hypotheses are used in experiments. Theories are not tested.

A

B

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4
Q

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the concentration of the reactants is increased?
A. The reactants move faster
B. The reactants collide more often
C. The reactants have greater energy
D. All of the listed responses are correct.

A

D

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5
Q 
Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
A. 101
B. 100
C. 99
D. 98
E. 97
A

C

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6
Q

Compare proteins to nucleic acids. Which of the following is true?
A. Both have primary and secondary structure
B. Both contain sulfur
C. Both take on structural roles in a cell
D. Both have monomers, which contain phosphorus

A

A

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7
Q 
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following proteins?
A. an amino group
B. a peptide bond 
C. a disulfide bond
D. a beta-pleated sheet
A

B

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8
Q 
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A

B

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9
Q

Complementary base pairing is possible only if two DNA strands align in antiparallel–instead of parallel–fashion. Which statement best explains why?
A. Only antiparallel strands create the geometry that allows complementary base pairs to form via Van der Waals interactions.
B. Only antiparallel strands contain the nitrogenous bases necessary to form complementary base pairs
C. Only antiparallel strands contain unusual backbone atoms which allow complementary base pairing
D. Only antiparallel strands create the geometry that allows complementary base pairs to form via hydrogen bonding.

A

D

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10
Q 
In the process of science, which of these is tested?
A. A conclusion
B. An observation
C. A result
D. A control group
E. A hypothesis
A

E

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11
Q

Proteins in biological systems ____.
A. Form a high-energy intermediates such as ATP
B. Catalyze reactions
C. Link with other proteins to form bilayers in cell membranes
D. Store genetic information

A

B

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12
Q

Why do researchers think the first self-replicating molecule was RNA?
A. Fossils evidence of such a molecule was recently discovered
B. RNA is the only type of molecule that can catalyze a chemical reaction
C. Self-replicating molecules of RNA exists today, in human cells
D. RNA can carry information and catalyze chemical reactions

A

D

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13
Q 
Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?
A. The presence of hydroxyl groups 
B. The presence of sulfur groups
C. The number of carbon atoms
D. The presence of carbonyl groups
A

C

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14
Q

A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-staring the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ____.
A. testing a theory for why the car will not start
B. making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not start
C. stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable prediction
D. comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not start.

A

C

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15
Q

Why is carbon so important in biology?
A. It is a common element on Earth
B. It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor
C. It bonds to only a few other elements
D. it can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups

A

D

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16
Q 
You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
A

A

17
Q

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?
A. The two strands of the double helix would separate
B. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
C. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugar
D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars
E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

A

A

18
Q

Which of the following best explains why “carbs” (carbohydrates) are advertised by manufacturers of candy bars and sports drinks as a “quick energy boost”?
A. The energy in them can be stored as fat, which has high energy per unit weight
B. The carbon is carbohydrates are rich in energy because they are highly oxidized
C. Carbohydrates are reduced molecules that have high-energy electrons
D. This is an advertising gimmick that has no scientific evidence to support it

A

B

19
Q 
\_\_\_\_ atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; \_\_\_\_ atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.
A. Carbon; H, N, and O
B. Hydrogen; C, N, and O
C. Carbon; H2O
D. H, N, and O; carbon
A

A

20
Q

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires the ____.
A. Release of a water molecule
B. Release of a carbon dioxide molecule
C. Addition of a carbon dioxide molecule
D. Addition of a water molecule
E. Addition of a water molecule and a carbon dioxide molecule

A

A

21
Q

If a DNA double helix contains 28% T nucleotides, then what is the percentage of A nucleotides?
A. 22
B. 28
C. 44
D. 56
E. It is impossible to tell from the information given

A

B

22
Q 
At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acids?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
A

C. in between O boned C-N bonded H

23
Q

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?
A. Disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
B. Complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
C. Sugar-phosphate backbone
D. Three-component structure of the nucleotides
E. Twisting of the molecule to form an alpha-helix

A

B

24
Q

You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.
A. Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol
B. NaCl crystals will not dissolve in either water or methanol.
C. NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.
D. NaCl will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.
E. When the first crystals of NaCl are added to water or to methanol, the will not dissolve; but as more crystals are added, the crystals will begin to dissolve faster and faster.

A

C

25
Q

The chemical evolution theory states that the first living molecule needed these two attributes:
A. It could maintain homeostasis and acquire energy
B. It could serve as a replication template and could catalyze reactions.
C. It could acquire energy and serve as a replication template
D. It could acquire and catalyze reactions

A

B

26
Q

Why does ice float in liquid water?
A. The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top
B. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking
C. Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.
D. Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
E. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water

A

D

27
Q

The tertiary structure of a protein is the ____.
A. Order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain
B. Organization of a polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet
C. Bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
D. Overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits
E. Unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.

A

E

28
Q 
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'GCAATT3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence \_\_\_\_.
A. 5'CGUUAA3'
B. 3'CGUUAA5'
C. 5'AAUUGC3'
D. 5'CGTTAA3'
E. 5'AATTGC3'
A

E

29
Q 
A. Cell
B. Base
C. Acid
D. Buffer  
E. Monomer  
F. Polymer  
G. Hydrolysis 
H. Condensation 
I. Protein
J. Nucleotide
K. Carbohydrates
L. Amino acid
M. Nucleic acid
N. RNA
O. DNA

Suppose you discovered a new amino acid. Its R-group contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. This amino acid will be ____ in its behavior.

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ____.

One part of the ____ theory states that all cells will come from pre-existing ____s.

A substance that gives up a proton during a chemical reaction, raising the hydrogen ion concentration of water is most appropriately called a(n) ____.

During protein synthesis, the peptide bond between amino acids is formed by a ____ reaction.

A 
D
K
A, A
C
H
30
Q

Which of the following is true of carbon? check all that apply
__ It forms only polar molecules
__ It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements
__ It is highly electronegative
__It can form both polar and non polar bonds

A

No
No
No
Yes

31
Q

Which of the following is true of carbon? check all that apply
__ It forms only polar molecules
__ It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements
__ It is highly electronegative
__It can form both polar and non polar bonds

A

No
No
No
Yes

32
Q

Twenty different amino acids are found in the proteins of cells. what distinguishes these molecules? check all that apply
__ functional groups found in the side chains
__ the number of carbon atoms in the core structures
__ the number of carbon atoms in the side chains
__ functional groups found the core structure

A

Yes
No
Yes
No

33
Q

Evaluate this statement: “A scientific theory is just a guess about how the natural world works.” Is this a valid statement? If not, what specifically is incorrect?

A

False, it is an evidence supported explanation about how phenomena in the natural world works

34
Q

Compare and contrast the structures of DNA and RNA: provide 2 specific examples of how these molecules are structurally similar, and 2 specific examples of how they are structurally different.

A

DNA and RNA both have P-backbone, pentose sugar, N-bases, and antiparallel
RNA has ribose sugar and n-bases: A and U
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and n-bases: A and T

35
Q

we discussed four functional roles that carbohydrates play in cells. List two of those roles and provide a specific example of each.

A
  1. Cell identification: glycoprotein sperm and egg

2. Structure: cellulose in plants

Biology 115 (4 decks)

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