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Biology 103 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define biology

A

The study of life

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2
Q

What are the 5 characteristics that constitute life?

A

Complex organization, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction & growth, and movement (adaptations)

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3
Q

What is the order of organisms?

A

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere

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4
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment/ Observations, Conclusion, Scientific Theory

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5
Q

Describe Observation

A

New observations are made and previous data are studied

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6
Q

Describe Hypothesis

A

Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement

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7
Q

Describe Experiment/ Observations

A

The hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations

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8
Q

Describe Conclusion

A

The results are analyzed, and the hypothesis is supported or rejected

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9
Q

Describe Scientific Theory

A

Many experiments and observations support a theory

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10
Q

Definition of Scientific Theory

A

A concept that joins together well supported and related hypotheses

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11
Q

Definition of Principle or Law

A

Reference to when a theory has been supported by experiments and observations over a long period of time

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12
Q

Define Data

A

Results of an experiment

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13
Q

Define Objective Data

A

fact-based, not distorted by personal feelings (ex. “Group A plants grew avg. 4” taller than Group B plants

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14
Q

Define factor

A

part or element that contributes to a result

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15
Q

Define Control Group

A

Goes through all the steps of the experiment, but the factor is not changed.

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16
Q

Define Experimental Group

A

Only one factor is manipulated in order to test the hypothesis

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17
Q

Define Experimental Variable (Independent Variable)

A

Factor of the experiment being tested

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18
Q

Define Responding Variable ( Dependent Variable)

A

Result or change that occurs due to the experimental variable

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19
Q

Define Phenomenon

A

An observable event

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20
Q

Define Unicellular

A

One celled organisms

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21
Q

Both Bacteria and Archaea are

A

Unicellular and prokaryotes

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22
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Cells that do not have a nucleus

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23
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Cells that have a nucleus

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24
Q

Eukarya contains

A

Unicellular and multicellular organisms that are eukaryotes

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25
Q

Define Binomial Nomenclature

A

the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific species

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26
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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27
Q

What are the Six Kingdoms?

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria

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28
Q

Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi are

A

Multicellular and Eukaryotic

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29
Q

Protista are

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular

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30
Q

Which 4 Kingdoms belong to the Domain Eukarya?

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista

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31
Q

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are

A

Unicellular and Prokaryotic

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32
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

Classification of organisms based on how they are thought to be related

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33
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of matter that can enter into a chemical reaction

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34
Q

Molecule

A

Atoms that join together

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35
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life

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36
Q

Tissue

A

Several cells that work together

37
Q

Organ

A

Several tissues that work together

38
Q

Organ system

A

Organs that work together

39
Q

Organism

A

Any living thing

40
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical reactions that occur in the cell

41
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Transfers solar energy to chemical energy (food) for the organism

42
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining normal internal conditions

43
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

1 parent produces 2 offspring that are genetically identical

44
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

2 parents produce offspring that are not identical

45
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Creative thinking used to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole .

46
Q

convergent evolution

A

Unrelated animals develop similar traits

47
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures with the same function for finding food on unrelated organisms.

48
Q

What was Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Proposed natural selection

49
Q

Where was Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Galapagos islands

50
Q

When was Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Late 18th century/ early 19th century

51
Q

What animals were studied for Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

giant tortoises, iguanas, fur seals, sea lions, sharks, rays, and 26 species of native birds––14 of which make up the group known as Darwin’s finches.

52
Q

What book did Charles Darwin write?

A

On the Origin of Species

53
Q

Who showed that famine and death were inevitable because human populations increase faster than the supply of food?

A

Thomas Malthus

54
Q

Who else had proposed evolution by natural selection?

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

55
Q

Who used comparative anatomy and paleontology. He discovered a succession of species in different strata?

A

George Cuvier

56
Q

Who believed that acquired traits could be passed from one generation to the next?

A

Jean- Baptiste de Lamarck

57
Q

What do scientist study today today to determine evolutionary relatedness of organisms?

A

Fossil evidence

58
Q

Homologous structures

A

structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor

59
Q

Vestigal structures

A

anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but are reduced and may have no function in similar groups.

60
Q

The branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

61
Q

Who developed binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

62
Q

Taxonomy Hierarchy

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

63
Q

Phylogeny

A

the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

64
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

a depiction of a groups evolutionary history

65
Q

Systematics

A

study of the diversity of organisms to classify them and determine their evolutionary relationship.

66
Q

Species

A

one specific type of organism

67
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

68
Q

Atomic symbol

A

One or two letters are used for each of the elements

69
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons the atom has

70
Q

Mass number

A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons an element contains

71
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

72
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

73
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements that have bonded together

74
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of that compound

75
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Occur when two atoms share electrons

76
Q

Nonpolar

A

Describes the bond when the electrons are shared evenly

77
Q

Polar

A

Describes the bond when the electrons are shared unevenly.

78
Q

Ions

A

Atoms with unequal protons and electrons have a charge

79
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Occur when attractive forces hold together positive and negative ions.

80
Q

NaCl (table salt)

A

Is an example of ionic bonding

81
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen to slightly negative atoms

82
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding

83
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules cling to other polar surfaces

84
Q

Acids

A

are substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions(H+)

85
Q

Bases

A

are substances that either take up hydrogen ions(H+) or release hydroxide ions(OH-)

86
Q

Buffers

A

are chemicals that keep pH within normal limits

87
Q

What are the six main elements found in the human body

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

88
Q

Who discovered the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

Biology 103 (6 decks)

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