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Geog 104 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gravity Equation

A

Force=G•(m1m2/d^2)

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2
Q

What is an air mass

A

Parcel of air that is about 1000 miles across and has the same amount of moisture and temperature throughout

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3
Q

What are the types of air masses

A

Latitude: polar and artic (cold and High latitude) tropical (warm and low latitude)
Surface: continental (over land and is dry)
Maritime (over water and is humid)

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4
Q

Mid latitude cyclone

A

Air moves counter clockwiss and into the low pressure and rains at the center of the low pressure cyclone

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5
Q

Nor Easter

A

Winter, low pressure, moves up the coast. Named that bc of the winds that come from the north east

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6
Q

What makes up our air

A 
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
.93% argon
.038 CO2 
.13 all others
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7
Q

Two categories of primary pollutants

A

Criteria air pollutants

Hazardous air pollutants

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8
Q

Secondary pollutants

A

Formed from primary pollutants

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9
Q

Clean air act of 1970

A

Industries must have an air permit to operate

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10
Q

Hurricane characteristic

A

> 65 knot winds
Moist air in middle of troposphere
Cyclonic spin

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11
Q

Tornados

A

Violent rotating column of air that is in contact with the ground and a cloud base, associated with super cells and have winds up to 300 mph

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12
Q

Air mass thunderstorms are the result of what

A

Heating air parcels and creating cumulonimbus clouds

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13
Q

What’re the 3 stages of a thunderstorm

A

Stage 1: updraft
Stage 2: downdraft
Stage 3 : downdraft takes over the updraft
Stage 3 is called the dissipating stage

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14
Q

Lightning

A

Disparate charge causes a flow of charged lightning

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15
Q

Synopticslly forced thunderstorms are associated with what

A

Low pressure systems and fronts

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16
Q

Snow squall

A

Heavy brief burst of snow related to lake-effect snow

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17
Q

Snow shower

A

Moderate but brief period of lightly accumulated snow

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18
Q

Blizzard

A

At least three consecutive hours of winds above 35 mph and reduced visibility under .25 miles

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19
Q

Bergeron process

A

Air reaches saturation and the temp is below freezing, ice crystals form and the air then becomes supersaturated and then the water vapor will sublimate from the ice crystals into gas

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20
Q

How are winds named

A

Direction from which they come from

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21
Q

How do the seasons change

A

With the movement of the sun

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22
Q

Describe Hail

A

Begins as a frozen raindrop called Graupel. The size of Hail is proportional to the intensity of the updraft

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23
Q

What are Aerosols

A

Salt, soil particles, smoke

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24
Q

Parts of the atmosphere from farthest to closest

A

Thermosphere, Mesophere, Stratosphere, Troposphere

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25
Q

What layer has to do with heat

A

The stratosphere (O3 layer) absorbs the suns rays and turns them to heat

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26
Q

In the troposphere what happens to altitude and temperature

A

As altitude increases temperature decreases

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27
Q

In the mesosphere what happens to altitude and temperature

A

Altitude increases as temperature decreases

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28
Q

Isotherm

A

Connects points of equal temperature values

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29
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat by flame,molecules are touching

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30
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by motion

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31
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat by radiation

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32
Q

What causes our temperature

A 
Intensity of suns rays
Albedo
Specific heat
Altitude 
Cloud cover 
Urban vs. rural
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33
Q

Solar declination

A

Latitude at which the sun is directly overhead

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34
Q

Noon sun angle

A

90-(latitude+/-solar delineation)

If sun is in same hemisphere:subtract
If opposite hemisphere: add

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35
Q

Albedo

A

Ratio of reflected radiation from a surface
0-no reflection (black)
1- perfect reflection (white)

36
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance

37
Q

What do clouds do

A

Reflect sunlight and hold in heat

38
Q

Equation for relative humidity

A

Actual water vapor content divided by amount of water vapor required for saturation

39
Q

Relative humidity

A

As RH increases temp decreases

And vise versa

40
Q

When is air saturated

A

When relative humidity is 100%

41
Q

Adiabatic change in temperature equation

A

PV=nRT

42
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

Is P decreases, V will Increase, and T will Decrease

43
Q

Adiabatic warming

A

If P increases, V will decrease, and T will Increase

44
Q

What does cool air do

What does warm air do

A

Cool air sinks

Warm air rises

45
Q

What happens to air masses as they rise

A

Expands and cools

46
Q

What causes air to rise

A

Orographic lifting, frontal lifting, convergence of air masses, convective lifting,

47
Q

What are the three types of clouds

A

Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus

48
Q

Cirrus clouds

A

Curl of hair and wispy

Form at front end of warm fronts

49
Q

Cumulus

A

Riding done fluffy formed from convective lifting

50
Q

Stratus

A

Layers or sheets of clouds below 6500 feet

51
Q

What does nimbus mean

A

Rain

52
Q

Mercator projection

A

Cylindrical projection, scale is distorted

53
Q

Albers projection

A

Conical

54
Q

4 times of maps

A

Physical
Topographic
Political
Geographic information science

55
Q

Isoline map

A

Connects places of equal value, isolines don’t cross, isobar measures pressure and isotherm measures temperature

56
Q

How do topographic maps show changes in elevation

A

Contour lines

57
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

58
Q

Atomic mass

A

N+P

59
Q

Density Equation

A

Mass/Volume

60
Q

Coriolous Force

A

Strongest near poles
Non-existent at Equator
In the northern hemisphere deflection is to the right

61
Q

What does adiabatic mean

A

Describes a thermodynamic process that occurs without loss or gain of heat in a closed system

62
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temp of water by 1 degree Celsius

63
Q

Specific Heat

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temp of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

64
Q

Endothermic versus exothermic

A

Endothermic requires/absorbs energy

Exothermic:gives off energy

65
Q

Does temperature change when ice melts

A

No

66
Q

How do fluids move

A

From high pressure to low pressure

67
Q

Convective lifting

A

Air is cooling, and rising so clouds form

68
Q

What causes air to rise

A

Convective lifting

69
Q

What is frontal lifting

A

Warm, less dense air is forced over cold, dense air

70
Q

Orographic lifting

A

Over mountains.
Westward side=wet
Leeward=dry

71
Q

What has a shorter wave length, cool or warm objects

A

Warm

72
Q

During the fall equinox the sun is directly over the WHAT

A

Equator

73
Q

True or false, the larger the suns declination angle, the more intense the suns rays

A

True

74
Q

How much is earths rotational axis tilted

A

23.5 degrees

75
Q

In the northern hemisphere do air masses deflect to the left or right

A

Right

76
Q

Isobars

A

Line of equal pressure on a barometric map

77
Q

How does air move in a low pressure system

A

Inward and counter clockwise

78
Q

How does air move in a high pressure system

A

Clockwise and outward

79
Q

Any front that forms when two air masses meet must meet where

A

In an area of low pressure

80
Q

Fair weather is associated with what pressure system

A

High pressure system

81
Q

Where does air converge

A

At the center of low pressure systems

82
Q

How many time zones are there? And what are the widths of the zones

A

24 zones each with a width of 15 degrees

83
Q

What happens if you move west to eat over the date line

A

Fall behind one day

84
Q

During the summer solstice, the sun is directly over

A

The Tropic of Cancer

85
Q

Seasons occur due to

A

The earths tilt combined with parallelism

Geog 104 (4 decks)

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