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New Testament > Exam # 1 > Flashcards

Exam # 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What three general purposes for the NT did the professor identify?

A
  1. To tell us about God.
  2. To complete God’s message to humanity
  3. To show us God’s plan.
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2
Q

What external forces have threatened the survival of the Jews in the time between the OT and the NT? Explain each of them.

A

External Forces: From the Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and (now) Roman empires threaten to extinguish the Jewish nation. For Example, the Jewish religious system was almost destroyed by Antiochus Epiphanes in 165 BC Judas Maccabaeus led the Jewish revolt and the threat was rebuffed

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3
Q

What internal forces have threatened the survival of the Jews in the time between the OT and the NT?

A

They had wavering devotion to God and the deadness of formalism and externalism have sapped much of the spiritual vitality of the Jews

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4
Q

What emerges in the Jewish religion between the OT and NT?

A

Several sects/parties have emerged in Israel as the NT age begins

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5
Q

What observation did the professor make from this history about the ways to destroy the Jews?

A

The Jews were destroyed through seduction, not persecution

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6
Q

Who are the Pharisees, Herodians, Essenes, Sadducees, and Zealots?

A

They were different sects within the Jewish religion

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7
Q

How did the professor describe Pharisees?

A

“Separate ones”, Jewish legalists

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8
Q

How did the professor describe Herodians?

A

Collaborators with Herod and Rome

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9
Q

How did the professor describe Essenes?

A

Extreme separatists

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10
Q

How did the professor describe Sadducees?

A

They were the anti-super-naturalists

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11
Q

How did the professor describe Zealots?

A

Jewish radical revolutionaries

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12
Q

What purposes of the OT did the professor offer?

A

To reveal God’s promise to bless all humanity, through the nation of Israel, to His own glory

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13
Q

What purposes of the NT did the professor offer?

A

To fulfill God’s plan to bless all humanity through His son to His own glory.

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14
Q

What are the two aspects of Jesus peacemaking with all humanity?

A
  1. God accomplishes, through Jesus Christ, the work of reconciliation (peacemaking) with all humanity. 2. We are reconciled with God and with one another.
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15
Q

What has been done, and what remains to be done to reconcile humanity?

A

What has been done: Sin is pardoned and the Holy Spirit is given. What will be done: Sin is fully defeated and God reigns forever.
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16
Q

What reasons did the professor offer for the NT having four gospels?

A
  1. Variety between writing styles. 2. Adding to the proof because there are more people. 3. View on Christ varies and therefore fills out His character. 4. Emphasizes the importance of the life of Jesus
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17
Q

Why is so much of the life of Christ left out of the gospels’ records?

A
  1. Not everything ended up in the gospels. 2. We must have faith in these accounts and we have to accept it, just like what we have to do for Jesus. 3. Non of the gospels were intended to be a thorough biography of Jesus. 4. Jesus didn’t start His mission until He was 30 years old. 5. What they put in the gospel they did purposefully
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18
Q

Why do the gospels seem to contain contradictory details at times?

A
  1. If they were exactly the same they would have possible been falsified. 2. This actually advocated for the authenticity of the gospels because they weren’t exactly like- didn’t “get the story straight” with each other
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19
Q

What do we know about John’s gospel?

A

Written last, probably late in the first century (70-95 AD)

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20
Q

What do we know about Luke’s gospel?

A

Third to be written, most likely in the early 60’s AD. He says that He used many sources to write his book. Was written before Acts. Acts was likely finished before 64 AD

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21
Q

What do we know about Matthew and Mark’s gospels?

A

They were written first and second. Which was first? Highly debatable! (Most believe that Mark wrote His first though)
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22
Q

Why is it important that an apostle or close associate of an apostle wrote each of the gospels?

A

They were given authority to teach and were eye-witnesses of the ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus
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23
Q

What is the distinction between an apostle and a disciple?

A

Apostle = One of the chosen 12 with delegated authority. Disciple = A follower of Jesus.

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24
Q

To whom (or to what group) did Matthew compose his gospel?

A

Written to all Jews, both to those Jews who have not received Jesus as their Messiah, and to Jews who have received Jesus as their Messiah

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25
Q

To whom (or to what group) did Mark compose his gospel?

A

Written primarily to Gentile Christians, perhaps specifically Romans

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26
Q

To whom (or to what group) did Luke compose his gospel?

A

Written to all Gentiles everywhere

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27
Q

To whom (or to what group) did each John compose his gospel?

A

Written to a general audience of all people

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the gospel of Matthew?

A

To persuade the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah and to reassure believing Jews that the promised kingdom is still coming but in a different way (than they would’ve thought)

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the gospel of Mark?

A

To present Jesus as the divine servant of God, and to encourage believers to follow Him now, no matter the cost.

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the gospel of Luke?

A

To persuade all gentiles to follow Jesus by presenting the exact details of Christ’s life and His appeal to all people to follow Him

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the gospel of John?

A

To urge all people to receive eternal life through faith in Christ, and to live lives patterned after Jesus’ own life.

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32
Q

What is the literary structure of Matthew?

A 
The Presentation of the Messiah (1:1-11:6)
The Rejection of the Messiah (11:7-27)
The Triumph of the Messiah (28)
Roughly 1-11 >> 11-27 >> 28
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33
Q

What is the literary structure of Mark?

A

The Servant’s Authority Established (1:1-8:30)
The Cost of Following the Servant (8:31-10:52)
The Servant in Jerusalem (11-16)
Roughly: 1-8&raquo_space; 8-10&raquo_space; 11-16

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34
Q

What is the literary structures of Luke?

A 
Jesus Appears (1:1-4:13)
Jesus' Early Ministry (4:14-9:50)
Jesus Going to Jerusalem (9:51-19:27)
Jesus in Jerusalem (19:28-24:53)
Roughly: 1-4 >> 4-9 >> 9-19 >> 19-24
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35
Q

What is the literary structure of John?

A 
Prologue (1:1-1:18)
Public Ministry of Jesus (John 1:19-12:50)
Jesus with the 12 (13-17)
Jesus' Death and Resurrection (18-21)
Roughly: 1-1 >> 1-12 >> 12-17 >> 18-21
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36
Q

What is the significance of the “son of Abraham” title for Jesus in Matthew?

A

Abraham was to have many sons and daughters. One who comes to bless the earth
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37
Q

What is the significance of the “son of David” title?

A

The line of David was to rule forever and would be from the kingly line of David. Jesus was a descendent of that line

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38
Q

From Matthew 1-11, what is Matthew’s purpose for Jews who have not yet accepted Jesus as their Messiah?

A

To prove that Jesus is the Messiah

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39
Q

How is Jesus presented to the Jews in this first major section of Matthew, in light of OT prophecies?

A

Jesus has fulfilled the OT prophesies. That there were four “tainted” women in Jesus’ ancestry- Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba. It foreshadows the scandal of Mary’s pregnancy out of wedlock

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40
Q

What seven pieces of evidence does Matthew give in 1:1 to 11:6, to prove that Jesus is Israel’s Messiah? Explain each one.

A
  1. His family line… from David from Abraham. 2. His miraculous birth from a virgin. 3. The testimony of the forerunner (John the Baptist). 4. His purity from sin as He resists temptation. 5. His authoritative teaching (sermon on the mount). 6. His miraculous works and signs. 7. His delegating authority to the 12, can’t delegate power you don’t have
41
Q

How does Matthew conclude his first major section?

A

John the Baptist asks Jesus and asks, “Are you the one?”. John urges Jesus to fulfill His messianic role

42
Q

How does John the Baptist’s questions for Jesus relate to the readers, and to the purpose of Matthew and this beginning section?

A

It summarizes what we might be thinking of asking after we just read what we just read. Matthew does this on purpose to tie in our thoughts to what was just written
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43
Q

How does Jesus respond to John the Baptist’s questions in the beginning of Matthew?

A

Jesus quotes Isaiah 35 for John’s benefit. Jesus is fulfilling the prophesies

44
Q

In Matthew 11:7 to 27:66, do the Jews reject Jesus all at once? Explain.

A

The rejection of Christ is not all at once, but builds through Matthew’s account. It started with the Pharisees when he cast out the demon and then they accused Him of being from Satan
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45
Q

In Matthew 12, what is Jesus’ response to the Pharisees’ blasphemy of the Spirit?

A

A house divided cannot stand. He said that a blasphemy against the holy spirit is unforgivable.
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46
Q

Why the Pharisees’ accusation of Jesus a major turning point in the of Matthew?

A

This is when the leaders, not the Jewish followers yet, stared to reject Jesus

47
Q

What is the future now for this generation of Jews after Matthew 12?

A

The Jews will reject Jesus

48
Q
  1. From Matthew 16:21 to 20:34, what two consequences of the Jews’ rejection of Jesus does Matthew note?
A

First, Matthew records Jesus’ predictions of His fate, that He will die at the hands of the Jews, but rise again

Second, Matthew records Jesus focusing on the 12, to develop their faith and their understanding of the kingdom that is coming. Jesus knows that His time is short, so He must prepare the Apostles to lead the church after He is gone.

49
Q

In Matthew 21-26, how does the ultimate, national rejection of Jesus play itself out?

A
  1. Jesus enters Jerusalem as her king, fulfilling prophecy. 2. The Jews batter Him with questions, but He answers them well. 3. Jesus then describes what is left for Israel, when He returns
50
Q

In Matthew 28, how does Matthew end?

A

Matthew 28: The triumph of the Messiah over sin and death

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51
Q

How is Jesus portrayed, and what is He doing at the end of Matthew?

A

Portrayed: Jesus gloriously overcomes death, just as He had predicted. He sends out the Apostles to reach the ends of the earth with the gospel
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52
Q

What is the main command of the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20)?

A

Granted all authority, Jesus sends the Apostles to the ends of the earth with the gospel message to make disciples.
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53
Q

In what three ways was the command of the Great Commission accomplished?

A
  1. “Go”- going to make disciples. 2. “Baptizing” or bringing them to conversion. 3. “teach” what Jesus taught them
54
Q

What is the purpose of Mark?

A

To present Jesus as the divine servant of God, and to encourage believers to follow Him now, no matter the cost.
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55
Q

What three forces converge in Mark 1:1 to 8:30?

A
  1. A record of Jesus’ authoritative words and deeds. 2. His followers’ failures to comprehend His work. 3. The growing opposition of the Jewish leadership
56
Q

What is the three-part pattern of events in the second major section of Mark?

A

Jesus’ prediction -> reaction of the Apostles -> Cost of following Christ

57
Q

What teaching of Jesus begins each part of the pattern?

A

Jesus predicts His death in every one of these situations

58
Q

What are the second and third parts of the pattern in each of the three sub-parts?

A

Second: The Apostles don’t understand what Jesus is telling them. Third: Jesus tells them what is costs to follow Him

59
Q

In Mark 8:31 to 10:52, what is Mark’s message to his readers?

A

All those who choose to follow Christ must make Jesus’ same total commitment
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60
Q
  1. How does Jesus assert His authority in Mark 11-13 (two ways)?
A

He defeats the oppositions’ arguments. Jesus predicts His return to rule.
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61
Q

How does the brief overview of Jesus’ passion in Mark 14-16, tie in with the themes already developed earlier in the gospel (two ways)?

A
  1. Mark shows the climax of the conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious establishment that has been brewing though the entire book; they put Him to death. 2. He records Jesus going to the cross as the obedient Servant, giving His life as a ransom or many.
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62
Q

What is the purpose of Luke?

A

To persuade all gentiles to follow Jesus by presenting the exact details of Christ’s life and His appeal to all people to follow Him
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63
Q

How does Luke begin his gospel?

A

Luke begins by giving many of the details surrounding Jesus’ birth and early years of life. Much of the material is unique to the gospels. He records these events in order to establish the miraculous circumstances around Jesus’ birth and preparation for ministry. His presentation of Jesus is balanced.
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64
Q

What two statements indicate Luke’s “balanced” treatment of Jesus in Luke 1-4?

A
  1. Jesus is an ordinary human being. 2. Jesus is an extraordinary human being chosen by God.
65
Q

What is the resulting conclusion about Jesus from these chapters (Luke 1-4)?

A

Jesus is human, but very special

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66
Q

What does later NT theology teach about Jesus from this?

A

Jesus is 100% God and 100% man

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67
Q
  1. In the second section of Luke, what is Jesus claiming by reading Isaiah 61, recorded in Luke 4?
A

Jesus identifies himself as the messiah when he reads the messianic prophecy
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68
Q

How do the listeners respond in the second section of Luke?

A

The Jews had resistance to Jesus’ claims and seek to kill him
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69
Q

What is Jesus’ response to them in the second section of Luke?

A

He goes about proving He it the Messiah

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70
Q

What are the implications for the readers of the gospel of Luke in the second section?

A

Luke is opening the door for gentiles to receive God’s mercy

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71
Q

Over what conditions or realities did Jesus show His authority in Luke 4-9 (seven)?

A
  1. Teaching with authority. 2. Authority over demons 3. Authority over sickness. 4. Authority over nature. 5. Authority over chronic disease. 6. Authority over the Sabbath. 7. Authority over death
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72
Q

How does Luke’s purpose about Jesus shift from the first through the second to the third major section of the gospel?

A

After Luke shows that Jesus is God’s unique Son, the God-Man (Luke 1-4). And validates Jesus’ authority as God’s Son in Jesus’ early ministry (Luke 4:14-9:50). Luke now records how Jesus’ claims are received. Luke shows that the Jews reject Jesus, so Jesus teaches His followers how to live in that hostile climate.
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73
Q
  1. Why is the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) significant to the purpose of the third major section (three reasons)?
A
  1. Jesus teaches what neighbor love is, help when you can. 2. Jesus also exults 2 outcasts which is central to Luke’s purpose. 3. Jesus shows the reality of His mission, He opposed the Jewish religious establishment
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74
Q

Through all of the teachings and parables in Luke 12-19, what two general truths is Luke communicating about living as a follower of Christ?

A

Take advantage of the present to prepare your place in God’s kingdom. Pattern your life after what God’s pattern is.
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75
Q

In the entire section of Luke 12-19, what does Luke record about those opposed to Jesus? What does that mean for Jesus?

A

Luke records that the opposition has been solidified. Jesus’ fate is certain; He is going to Jerusalem to die, and he knows it.
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76
Q
  1. In the last major section of Luke, what three pictures are painted of Jesus as God’s anointed one?
A

First, Jesus is presented as Israel’s king when entering Jerusalem and teaching in the temple. Jesus is abandoned by his followers, then humiliated and executed by the Jews and Romans. Jesus rises in victory over death to call His followers to declare His message to everyone.
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77
Q

How does John’s beginning to his gospel present Jesus?

A

Presents Jesus as God’s Son, fully divine, explaining God, and offering salvation to all who believe
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78
Q

What is the purpose of the book of John?

A

To urge all people to receive eternal life through faith in Christ
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79
Q

How is John’s introduction different from the ways that the synoptic gospels begin?

A

It is theological. It is as of John is saying to his readers, “Before you can fully understand Jesus’ teachings and actions, you need to see Jesus in this light as the Man-God”
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80
Q
  1. What two essential points is John making in the prologue (1:1-18)?
A
  1. That Jesus is God in human form. 2. Jesus makes God known

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81
Q

In John 1:19 to 12:50, what is it that John shows us about Jesus?

A

Jesus’ is teaching about himself through His “I AM” statements
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82
Q

What works/signs of Jesus serve as the events around which this section revolves?

A

John selects these miracles to fulfill his overall purpose, often illustrating Jesus’ teaching just before or after the miracle
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83
Q

What do these works often illustrate in this section of John?

A

They usually illustrate Jesus’ teaching right before a miracle
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84
Q
  1. What is the response of the disciples to Jesus’ signs, seen in the miracle of the water turned to wine (John 2:1-11) and John’s comment about Jesus’ works in Jerusalem in John 2:23?
A

John says that Jesus’s miracles have a desired effect on his followers for them to believe in Him. Many believed in His name when they saw the miracles that He was performing.
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85
Q

What three people interact with Jesus in John 3-4?

A

Nicodemus, Samaritan woman, Royal official.

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86
Q

What does Jesus reveal about Himself and what it means to follow Him in these three conversations within John 3-4?

A
  1. Nicodemus = One must be born again through believing in Jesus, by the work of the Holy Spirit to see God’s kingdom.
  2. Samaritan woman = Come to Jesus for life. Worship God from the heart, in spirit and truth
  3. Royal official = Faith comes from hearing, not just seeing signs with your own eyes.
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87
Q
  1. What does it mean to worship God in spirit and in truth, from our class discussion?
A

?

88
Q

Why is the royal official’s example of faith important to us as Christians today?

A

Because we do not see Jesus but we must still believe even though we are unseeing of Him
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89
Q

How does the crowd respond to Jesus’ claims versus the Jewish leaders’ counterclaims in John 7?

A

Some in the crowd are close to faith. Others are resisting Jesus’ claims. Still others are divided or undecided
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90
Q

What is the essence of Jesus’ final public words in John 12?

A

Time is running out

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91
Q

What three comments about Jesus’ public ministry does John insert after Jesus withdraws from the public in John 12:37-43?

A
  1. The people did not believe, even after so many signs. 2. Why? Quoting Isaiah’s prediction, the people are blind. 3. Even the lukewarm are rebuked
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92
Q

To whom is John 13-17 addressed?

A

Addressed to the 12 Apostle.

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93
Q

What does John describe about Jesus’ ministry to the audience in 13-17?

A

John describes Jesus’ care for and guidance of His followers, and how they are to live in that light. Jesus’ words and promises encourage them in a personal, special way
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94
Q
  1. What seven teachings is Jesus imparting to the 12 in John 13-17?
A
  1. Serve one another. Foot washing. 2. Jesus overcomes His betrayal and desertion. 3. Jesus is the only way to God. 4. The Holy Spirit will be their aid and helper. 5. Abide in Me and love one another. 5. I will be your protector. 6. Remain united in God
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95
Q
  1. What are the three phases of unity that Jesus prays for in John 17?
A
  1. Between Jesus and the Father. 2. Between Jesus, the Father, and the Apostles. 3. Between Jesus, the Father, and all believers for all time
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96
Q

In the last major section of John, how does John conclude the gospel?

A

Describes the death and resurrection of Jesus

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97
Q
  1. In contrast to the Synoptic gospels, what two additional details from the passion narrative does John insert?
A
  1. Jesus commends Mary into John’s care. 2. John also notes that Nicodemus assists in the burial of Jesus
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98
Q
  1. In the final three scenes of John 20-21, what does Jesus teach the apostles?
A
  1. Jesus gives them authority to proclaim the gospel. 2. Jesus urges them to believe without having to see Him n person any more, in the incident with Thomas. 3. Jesus commands Peter to pastor God’s flock.

New Testament (16 decks)

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