Exam 1 Flashcards
Communication
The process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media
Context
can be general, broad or specific
Channels
how you communicate (visual or audio)
Media
(face to face or on the phone)
What are the three communication models?
- Linear
- Interactive
- Transactional
What is interpersonal communication?
Interpersonal communication is the exchange of symbols used to achieve interpersonal goals.
four assumptions of interpersonal communication
- Dyadic (in contrast to intrapersonal)
- Transactional (in contrast to linear)
- Dynamic (in contrast to stationary)
- Goal-oriented (in contrast to random)
Goal
Goal refers to future states of affairs that an individual is committed to achieve or maintain.
Three types of goals
- Self-representation goal
- Relational goal
- Instrumental goal
Self-presentation goal
The information you pick to talk about yourself is selective because you want to present a specific image.
Relational goal
The type of relationship you want with someone
Instrumental goal
Persuasion related to these things
Goals differ in abstractness
supraordinate goals
basic goals
subnordinate goals
Supraordinate goals
General and inclusive
e.g., to be friendly
Basic goals
motivational
e.g., to share an activity with friends
Subordinate goals
very specific
e.g., to go shopping with Jenny
to go skiing with Tom
Primary vs. Secondary Goals
- When we attempt to achieve any goal, we always have some concerns
- Primary goals are what people communicate, whereas secondary goals affect the way people communicate in order to obtain their primary goals
Primary goals
-serve a motivational function (energize thoughts and behaviors)
-Serve a meaning function (help identify what is the exchange about)
Serve a guidance function (what to pay attention to and remember)
Secondary goals
Arise in response to the consideration of a primary goal and affect the way that people communicate to achieve primary goals
- identity concerns (I don’t want to be a rude person)
- conversational management (present the convo in a nicely manner)
- relational concerns (will be friends after the conversation)
Interpersonal communication competence
consistently communicating in ways that are effective, appropriate, and ethical
Effectiveness
The ability to use communication to accomplish the three types of interpersonal goals (self-presentation goal, relational goal, instrumental goal)
Appropriateness
The degree to which your communication matches situational, relational, and cultural expectations
Ethics
The set of moral principles that guide our behavior toward others
The standards for assessing competence
- adaptability
- conversational involvement
- conversational management
- empathy
- appropriateness
Verbal Cues
- questions
- praise, caring and appreciation
- self disclosure
- future-oriented
Nonverbal Cues
- Leaning forward
- Nodding, smiling
- Eye contact
- Sitting closer
Cues and the standards
-Verbal Cues
Questions – involvement
Caring – Empathy and appropriateness
Appreciation – management
Self-disclosure – management, involvement, empathy, adaptability
Future-oriented – appropriateness, management
-Nonverbal Cues Leaning forward – involvement Nodding – involvement, management Eye contact – involvement, management Sitting closer – appropriateness and involvement
