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Speech Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles are involved with breath control?

A

larynx

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2
Q

if % vital capacity is below REL what pressure does the body create?

A

body creates pressure to expand the chest up to REL

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3
Q

what is the pressure we inhale to for loud loudness?

A

18 cm H20 (15-20)

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4
Q

_______ ________ partially inflates the lungs to compress the rib cage & allows lungs and thorax to move together

A

pleural linkage

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5
Q

involves inhalation and exhalation muscles, controlling the pressure of air coming from the lungs

A

breath support

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6
Q

Amount of air that can be inhaled/exhaled

A

vital capacity

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7
Q

what is the purpose of breath support?

A

power supply of speech

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8
Q

during passive or active exhalation is the lung pressure constant due to the RPC

A

active

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9
Q

When at rest, ribs angle______

A

downward

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10
Q

during passive or active exhalation is the lung pressure varying due to the RPC

A

passive

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11
Q

Volume of air left maximal expiration

A

residual volume

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12
Q

What is a force important for exhalation?

A

gradual “turning off” of the muscles of inhalation

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13
Q

What is the position of ribs during exhalation?

A

angled down

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14
Q

how does gravity influence the body’s ability to breath in the supine position?

A

gravity work to put rib cage and abdomen in a position for expiration

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15
Q

What is the position of the ribs during inhalation?

A

out to the front, up, and out to the side

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for exhalation in clavicular breathing?

A

exhalation is caused by gravity

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17
Q

what breathing technique?
Inhalation muscles: diaphragm
Exhalation muscles: abdominal muscles

A

abdominal

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18
Q

amount of air enclosed in the respiratory system

A

total lung capacity

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19
Q

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation

A

functional residual capacity

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20
Q

The maximal amount of air that can be inspired

A

inspiratory capacity

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21
Q

what is the pressure for normal loudness?

A

7 cm H20

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22
Q

What is the position of the sternum and costal cartilage during exhalation?

A

costal cartilage untwists (back to original shape)

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a force of passive exhalation?
A. untwisting of the costal car
B. contraction of external intercostal muscles
C. gravity pulling down on the rib cage
D. surface tension of the alveoli

A

B. contraction of external intercostal muscles

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24
Q

What %VC do we inhale to with normal loudness?

A

70%

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25
What type of pleura coats the inside of the rib cage?
parietal pleura
26
What is the structure at the top of the thorax?
trachea
27
what breathing technique? Inhalation muscles: diaphragm and external intercostals Exhalation muscles: muscles relaxation and internal intercostals
thoracic
28
What muscles are generally used to exhale when upright?
internal intercostal and abdominal muscles
29
power supply for speech breath support or breath control?
breath support
30
the bottom of tidal volume (~38-40% of vital capacity)
resting expiratory level
31
Volume of air that can be inhaled “above” tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
32
What structure allows for gas exchange to occur?
alveoli
33
For both inhalation and exhalation muscle contraction or relaxation leads to a _______ change which then leads to a _______ change, which then leads to____ _____ in or out.
volume, pressure, air flowing
34
how many sacral and coccyx vertebrae are there?
5 and 5
35
What is the position of the sternum and costal cartilage during inhalation?
costal cartilage twists
36
Volume of air inspired/expired during rest breathing
resting tidal volume
37
if % vital capacity is near REL what pressure does the body create?
low pressure
38
what controls airflow? breath support or breath control?
breath control
39
the amount of air enclosed in the respiratory system is called?
total lung capacity
40
the space between the lungs and the rib cage is called?
pleural cavity
41
a pair of muscles where one is contracting as the other is relaxing is called?
antagonistic muscles activity
42
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
43
what breathing technique? Inhalation muscles: diaphragm and accessory chest & shoulder Exhalation muscles: NONE, gravity
clavicular
44
what is the %VC we inhale to for loud loudness?
80%
45
if % vital capacity is high what pressure does the body create?
high pressure
46
When supine, what muscles are needed for exhalation and inhalation?
exhale: internal intercostals and GRAVITY (gravity replaces the needed for abdomen muscles) inhale: diaphragm
47
During inhalation, the bonds between the water molecules are ______ in the alveoli
stretched
48
what is the %VC we inhale to for normal loudness?
70%
49
what is the pressire for soft loudness?
4 cm H20
50
What are the four breathing techniques?
1. clavicular 2. thoracic 3. abdominal 4. balanced/appoggio
51
Different limits to what the respiratory system can hold
capacity
52
do we use more inspiratory or expiratory muscles for normal loudness?
equal
53
the volume of air left maximal expiration is called the?
residual volume
54
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
55
What is the pressure level for soft loudness?
4 cm H20
56
Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled “below” tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
57
what is the inside of the rib cage coated in?
parietal pleura
58
Explain inhalation (5 steps)
1. muscle contraction causes the chest cavity to expand (i.e., diaphragm and external intercostal muscles) 2. Lungs expand 3. As lungs expand the pressure inside the lungs becomes negative 4. Air comes in via open vocal tract because pressure in lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure 5. Air continues to move into the lungs until pressure in lungs is equal to outside pressure
59
when air flows from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure, what is this called?
pressure gradient
60
Estimate of how much air can be held
volumes
61
involves the muscles of larynx to valve the air coming from the lungs, controlling the airflow through the glottis
breath control
62
when pressure needs to decrease from the RPC do you use inhalation or exhalation muscles?
inhalation
63
what allows for easy breathing?
surface tension
64
what surrounds the lungs?
visceral pleura
65
What does Boyle's law state?
If volume goes UP, pressure goes DOWN
66
do we use more inspiratory or expiratory muscles for soft loudness?
inspiratory
67
When upright, what muscles are needed for exhalation and inhalation?
exhale: internal intercostals and abdominal muscles inhale: diaphragm
68
what muscles are involved with breath support?
inhalation and exhalation muscles
69
do we use more inspiratory or expiratory muscles for loud loudness?
expiratory
70
efficiency of voicing breath support or breath control?
breath control
71
Explain exhalation (3 steps)
1. forces help to reduce size of chest cavity (i.e., passive and other forces) 2. as lungs volume decrease, pressure becomes more positive 3. air moves from lungs (positive) to atmospheric pressure (zero)
72
when positioned upright, how does gravity influence the body's ability to breath?
gravity puts the ribcage in position for expiration, and the abdomen in position for inspiration
73
when pressure needs to increase from the RPC do you use inhalation or exhalation muscles?
exhalation
74
for both inhalation and exhalation muscles, contraction or relaxation directly leads to a:
volume change
75
During inhalation the bonds between the water molecules are ________ in the alveoli
stretched
76
Volume of air inspired/expired during breathing
tidal volume
77
What are the three forces of passive exhalation?
1. surface tension of alveoli 2. gravity pulling down rib cage 3. untwisting of the costal cartilages
78
when lungs expand the pressure in the pleural cavity becomes more ________
negative (pleural linkage)
79
What muscles are responsible for exhalation in balanced/appoggio breathing?
internal intercostal muscles & abdominal muscles
80
air is pushed out of the lungs during _________
exhalation - water bonds are returned to their original state
81
what controls pressure? breath support or breath control
breath support
82
what breathing technique? Inhalation muscles: diaphragm and external intercostals Exhalation muscles: internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
balanced/appoggio
83
With Loud loudness, which muscles do we use more?
muscles of exhalation
84
what is the %VC we inhale to for soft loudness?
60%
85
relaxation pressure curve is a graph of ______ ________ by the _______ forces of exhalation
pressure created, passive
86
Where does gas exchange occur?
alveoli
87
when supine, how does gravity influence the body's ability to breath?
gravity works to put the rib cage and abdomen in position for expiration
88
negative pressure in the lungs causes ________
suction (pleural linkage)
89
Which of the following is an additional force that is important in exhalation? A. downward expansion of the ribs B. rapid "shutting off" of muscles of inhalation C. gradual "turning off" of the muscles of inhalation D. rotation of the alveolar cartilage
C. gradual"turning off" of the muscles of inhalation
90
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5

Speech Science (4 decks)

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