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Speech Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which view (spectrum or waveform) gives us information about the frequency components that make up a complex wave?

A

spectrum

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2
Q

What is the pressure when there are more collisions between particles?

A

higher

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3
Q

T/F Only waves with a wavelength that gives atmospheric pressure at the ends of the closed-open tube will be able to pass through with maximum energy.

A

false, that is open-open tube

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4
Q

more stiff = ______ (lower/higher)

A

higher

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5
Q

Increase in mass = _______(decrease/increase) in frequency

A

decrease

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6
Q

what are the two main types of aperiodic waves?

A

continuous
transient

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7
Q

________ ________are the harmonics that have been allowed to vibrate through the vocal tract with the most energy

A

Formant frequencies

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8
Q

T/F: Waves with any wavelength will be able to pass through the tube with maximum energy.

A

False

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9
Q

T/F: majority of the sounds we hear are pure tones.

A

False
Majority are complex waveforms

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10
Q

changes the inputs cut out frequencies below 100 Hz. Commonly used for measuring loudness of speech

A

C weighting scale (dBC)

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11
Q

The unit of measure for amplitude of speech is ?

A

dB

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12
Q

when waves can bend around objects and waves can spread out after going through openings is known as what?

A

diffraction

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13
Q

What frequencies vibrate through (pass through) a tube resonator with maximum energy (not looking for specific number)?

A

Pressure waves that match the pressure at the end of the tubes will move through the tube strongly

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14
Q

a measure of the amount of sound energy in a space

A

sound pressure level (dB SPL)

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15
Q

In the spring-mass model inertia comes from the ______. Inertia is the ______ to acceleration or deceleration.

A

mass
opposition

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16
Q

When a frequency or range of frequencies vibrates through a medium with the most power and intensity

A

resonance

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17
Q

What is the formula for calculating the frequency when given the movement of a particle in time?

A

f = 1/T

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18
Q

The sound stops at some point because of energy losses. This is called ??

A

damping

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19
Q

T/F: the only type of periodic waves are simple waves.

A

False

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20
Q

T/F: molecules of air are usually not equally spaced when at rest

A

false, molecules are usually equally spaced at rest

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21
Q

Molecules oppose acceleration/deceleration. When molecules become more massive, they oppose acceleration/deceleration more. This is called?

A

Inertia

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22
Q

T/F: molecules are always moving a little, even at rest

A

true

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23
Q

Greater stiffness-> more recoil force-> faster movement-> _____ frequency

A

higher

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24
Q

When looking at a spectrum, ________ is on the x axis and _______ is on the y axis. This view shows only a moment in time.

A

frequency
amplitude

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25
a measure of the amount of sound energy and the direction of the sound energy
sound intensity level (dB IL)
26
less stiff = ______ (lower/higher) frequency
lower
27
T/F Waves with any wavelength will be able to pass through the closed-open tube with maximum energy.
False, only waves at max pressure at closed end
28
Does a complex wave have one frequency component or multiple frequency components?
multiple frequencies
29
What is the formula for calculating the frequency when given the movement of a particle in space?
f = c/λ
30
Less stiffness-> less recoil force -> slower movement-> ______ frequency
lower
31
T/F Only waves that have a wavelength that gives atmospheric pressure at the open end of the tube and high pressure at the closed end of the tube will be able to pass through the closed-open tube with maximum energy.
True
32
Particles go back to rest because of _____
recoil/elasticity
33
What part of the Helmholtz Resonator is the mass and what part is the spring?
Mass = neck Spring = bowl
34
Greater mass-> slower movement-> _____ frequency
lower
35
Particles keep moving when they reach their rest position because of _____
inertia
36
T/F Only one resonant frequency passes through a tube at a time.
False
37
Decrease in mass = ______ (decrease/increase) in frequency
increase
38
changes the inputs to cut out lower frequencies. Commonly used for environmental noise
A weighting scale (dBA)
39
Longer neck = _______ (decrease/increase) in mass
increase
40
________ ________ are the frequency components of the complex quasi-periodic wave created by vocal fold vibration
Harmonic frequencies
41
Air molecules rub together and create heat and energy is lost to heat.
Friction
42
the input is not changed in anyway with regards to weighting
flat frequency response
43
The sound escapes the mouth and nose and energy is lost.
Radiation
44
Narrower neck = ______ (decrease/increase) in mass
increase
45
which amplitude measurement is a scalar measurment?
sound pressure level (dB SPL)
46
Bigger bowl = _____ (less/more) stiff
less
47
Smaller bowl = _____ (less/more) stiff
more
48
General definition: how does the sound level meter change the input?
Weighting
49
The unit of measure for period is ?
seconds
50
In an open-closed tube, the pressure at the closed end of the tube is _______
maximum
51
every medium is made up of ________
molecules
52
Molecules oppose displacement (more so when they are displaced from rest.) This is called?
elasticity
53
a mass on a spring vibrate a certain _________ frequency based on the mass of the object and the stiffness of the string
periodic
54
What is the referent pressure called that pressure measurements are always compared to? This is equal to zero pressure or particles that are equally spaced.
Atmospheric pressure
55
Energy is transferred to the soft tissue of the vocal tract and is reduced.
Absorption
56
T/F Only waves with a wavelength that gives atmospheric pressure at the ends of the tube will be able to pass through with maximum energy.
True
57
What are the five parts of one cycle of motion of a particle?
1) Moving from rest (0°) 2) maximum away from rest (90°) 3) back to rest (180°) 4) minimum away from rest (270°) 5) back to rest (360°)
58
Less mass -> faster movement-> ______ frequency
higher
59
If the wavelength is similar to the barrier size there will be _____ diffraction
more
60
how do you convert ms to seconds?
divide ms by 1000
61
Air particles move around their rest position in expected ways due to the forces of __________ and _______
recoil/elasticity & inertia
62
Sounds with long wavelengths tend to have ____ diffraction
wide
63
Frequency and wavelength are ______ related
inversely
64
T/F: The period of a sine wave is the same on each repetition.
True
65
T/F: the fundamental frequency is the lowest component frequency of a complex wave.
True
66
What type of wave does simple harmonic motion look like?
sine wave
67
Frequency and period are ______ related
inversely
68
What are the three devices that can measure sound pressure level in the clinic?
sound level meter microphone SLM app
69
Sound is the propagation of a ____ ______ through a medium
pressure wave
70
The motion of particles around their rest position is called ?
simple harmonic motion
71
all mathematically related to the fundamental frequency, all the sine waves that make up the complex wave
harmonic frequencies
72
In an open-open tube, the pressure at both ends of the tube is _______ __________
atmospheric pressure
73
Sounds with short wavelengths tend to have _____ diffraction
narrow
74
When a material is more elastic, it is ______ stiff.
not very
75
When a material is more elastic, it is very ________.
compliant
76
T/F Waves that enter a closed-open tube are reflected back off the closed end
True
77
what are the 3 features of Aperiodic Complex waves?
1) no repeating pattern 2) no fundamental frequency or harmonics 3) described based on the amplitude over the frequency range
78
When looking at a waveform, _____ is on the x axis and ______ is on the y axis.
time amplitude
79
which amplitude measurement is a vector measurement?
sound intensity level
80
What is the pressure when there are fewer collisions between particles?
lower
81
Elasticity comes from the ________. As stiffness changes, the amount of force required to ________ an object changes.
stiffness displace
82
Shorter neck = _______ (decrease/increase) in mass
decrease
83
Wider neck = _______ (decrease/increase) in mass
decrease
84
T/F: A sine wave has multiple frequency components.
False Sine waves have ONE frequency
85
what type of wave is a sound wave?
longitudinal
86
Is a tube resonator like the vocal tract?
Yes
87
If opening size is great than wavelength there is _____ diffraction
less

Speech Science (3 decks)

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