Exam 1 Flashcards
What are ions?
Atoms that have gained or losss a valence electrons
What are covalent bonds?
Shares at least one pair of electrons
What are ionic bonds?
One electrons takes away from another electrons.
Ionic bonds don’t share
What does OILRIG mean
An atom that gains an electron is reduced
An atom that losesman
Oxidation is Loss
Reduction is Gain
What does OILRIG mean
An atom that gains an electron is reduced
An atom that losesman
Oxidation is Loss
Reduction is Gain
What is a bond?
A force of attraction between atoms or ions
Thus it is energy
Where is energy in ATP held?
In the high energy bonds between phosphate groups
What does it mean when something has a high phosphate group?
It means that they are unstable and can be easily broken
This is good because it makes it easier to release energy
Why is water polar?
The atoms are negatively difference
Hydrogen atoms are partial positive charge
Oxygen atoms are partial negative charge
What bonds are intermolecular and intramolecular?
Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular within 2 molecules of water
Oxygen bonds are intramolecular within 1 molecule of water
What are characteristics of water?
High specific heat
High heat of vaporization
Capillary action: allows water to be moved up through plants
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydropholic?
Hydrophobic does not dissolve in water and hydropholic dissolves in water
What is an acid?
A substrate that can donate protons
What is a base?
A substance that can accept protons
What is dehydration synthesis?
The formation of a larger molecule with the release of water molecules
What’ is hydrolysis
The break down of a chemical bond in the presence of water
What are the elements of life
CHONP
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
PHOSPHORUS
WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS OPF CARBOHYDRATES?
Source of cellular fuel(glucose)
Structural molecules
Monsahacride
Disaccharides
What are the three important disahcrides
Sucrose
Maltose
Glucose
What is the suffix used for enzymes
ASE
What polysaccharides does plants make?
Starch
What is the central dogma of biology
DNA-RNA-PROTEIN
What is the strand for dna and rna
DNA- double stranded
RNA-single stranded
Where does translation take place?
On the ribosome
What does the transcription bubble contain?
RNA, dna template and rna transcripts
How many rna polymerase does prokaryotes have?
One
How many rna polymerase does eukaryotes have?
Three
What a thefunctions of the ribosome
Forms peptide bonds
Decodes the transcribes message
Are lipids polar and non polar
Polar
Why don’t oil and water mix?
Water is polar and oil is non polar
What a re the main functions of triglycerides
Energy storage
Insulation
Protection
What is the structure of steroids?
Interlocking four ring with differing functional group attached
What are the functions of nucleic acids
Information storage
Energy carriers
Electron carriers
What does tRNA do
Brings amino acids to the right location when needed
What is the structure of protein?
Amine+carbonyl=peptide bond
Here are motifs found?
In the secondary structure
What are the 6 functions of membrane proteins?
Transport
Receptors for signal transduction
Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
Enzymatic activity
Intercellular joining
Cell-cell recognization
What is diffusion?
Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
What is facilitated diffusion
It is the same as diffusion however the molecules require a protein helper.
What are the three basic part of human cells?
PLASMA MEBMRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
What are the functions of membrane proteins
Transport
Cell cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Enzymatic activity
Attachment to cytoskeleton
Receptors for signal transduction
What are the functions of membrane proteins
Transport
Cell cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Enzymatic activity
Attachment to cytoskeleton
Receptors for signal transduction
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