Exam 1 Flashcards
If a drug is a Teratogenic it:
Is known to induce birth defects
The pharmacokinetic principle of absorption refers to the:
Movement of a drug from site of administration to the bloodstream
T/F: Pharmacodynamics is the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.
False
What is a desired outcome when a drug is described as easy to administer?
It enhances patient adherence to the drug regimen
A nurse is giving an enteral medication. The patient asks why this method is preferable for this drug. How will the nurse reply?
“This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient.”
A patient is receiving intravenous gentamicin. A serum drug test reveals toxic levels. The dosing is correct and this medication has been tolerated by this patient in the past. Which could be a probable cause of the test result?
The patient is taking another medication that binds to serum albumin
What occurs when a drug binds to a receptor in the body?
It increases or decreases the activity of the receptor.
First pass effect is the:
Ability of the liver to inactivate certain oral drugs after being absorbed.
With repeated dosing of a drug, plateau or “steady state” is reached in approximately _______ half-lives.
4-5
Antagonists produce their effects by:
Preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
What are considered the “Big Three” properties of an ideal drug?
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
The nurse is teaching a patient how a medication works to treat an illness. To do this the nurse will rely on knowledge of which topic?
Pharmacotherapeutics
A post operative patient is being discharged how with acetaminophen/hydrocodone [Norco] for pain. The patient asks the nurse about using Tylenol for fever. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
Taking two medications together poses a risk of toxicity
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who will be taking an antihypertensive medication. Which action by the nurse is parr of the assessment step of the nursing process?
Questioning the patient about over the counter medications
A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical record before administering a medication. Which factors can alter the patient’s physiologic response to the drug?
Gender
Genetic factors
Age
The nurse is teaching a patient about home administration of insulin to treat diabetes mellitus. As part of the teaching the patient and nurse identify goals to maintain specific blood glucose ranges. This represents which aspect of the nursing process?
Planning
A postoperative patient has orders for morphine sulfate 1 to 2 mg IV every 1 hour PRN for several pain and acetaminophen-hydrocodone [Norco] 5 mg PO every 4 to 6 hours PRN for moderate pain. The patient reports pain at a level 8 on a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the worst pain. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
Administer morphine sulfate 2 mig IV and evaluate the patient’s pain in 15 to 30 minutes.
An adult male patient is 1 days postoperative from a total hip replacement. On a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being the greatest pain the patient reports a pain level of 10. Which medication would be most appropriate for the nurse to administer to this patient?
6 mg morphine sulfate intravenously
2 gm TID
200 mg three times a day
2 mg/kg dose for patient weighting 52.8 pounds
48 mg
Time spacing for BID
12 hours apart
1.7 L
1700 mL
Which two groups of people are especially sensitive to medication effects?
Older adults
Infants
Which cellular change is caused by a deduction in functional demand?
Atrophy
What process may cause columnar cells to turn into squamous cells as a method of adaptation to a persistent stressor?
Metaplasia
Which term indicates cell death associated with inflammation?
Necrosis
Which statements regarding testing a client for acromegaly is an accurate interpretation of the results?
Growth hormone should be measured as a component of a glucose tolerance test
Following ingestion of 75 g of glucose, it is normal for growth hormone levels to decrease
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenia. The term idiopathic indicates that the etiology:
Is unknown
An increase in cell size is termed
Hypertrophy
The incubation period/stage of disease is
The time between exposure and appearance of first signs and symptoms
Liquefaction necrosis occurs most often in the:
Neurons and glial cells of the brain
Which type of necrosis is found in patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Coagulation Necrosis
A 17 year old college bound student received a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of:
Primary prevention
A diabetic patient reports to the clinic with a chief complain of pain and numbness in the right foot when walking. Upon assessment, the nurse noted a red, 1 cm open ulcer on the great toe. The complaint of pain and numbness would be classified as a:
Symptom
The results of a paper smear of the cervix of a patient reveal that the cells have changed in size and organization. This type of cellular adaptation occurring in the cervix is termed:
Dysplasia
An exam of the bronchial airway of a patient who smokes reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
Metaplasia
A patient develops valve damage of the heart as an adverse effect of taking a prescription medication. The term for the etiology of this complication is:
Iatrogenic
A patient with COVID recovers from the virus, but does not regain full pulmonary function. This is an example of:
Sequela
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the nurse should document this finding:
Rigor Mortis
A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). What is the likely cause?
Caseouse Necrosis
When planning care for a cardiac patient the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload myocardial cells will:
Increase in size
What does occur with cell injury leading to necrosis?
Intracellular accumulation of debris and particle occur
Lack of oxygen leading to a change in cell metabolism
Hydrophobic swelling occurs due to the accumulation of water
When the etiology of a disease process is termed multifactorial. This indicates that the disease is:
Has more than one cause
Pharmacokinetics (PK)
Rate processes such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug and the multiple interrelationships affecting same, such as incomplete absorption, satiability in transport, biotransformation, or binding.
Pharmacodynamics
Drug molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or action
Enteral
Involving or passing through the intestine, either naturally via the mouth and esophagus, or through an artificial opening
Parentreal
Situated or occurring outside the intestine. I.e administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injections.
Blood Brain Barrier
A selective semi-permeable membrane between the blood and interstitial of the brain.
