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Medical Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cranial bones

A

Frontal, Parietal (2), spheroid, ethmoid, temporal (2)

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2
Q

Facial bones

A

maxillae (2), palatine (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer (1), mandible (1)

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3
Q

maxillae

A

only facial bone with a sinus, intermaxillary suture, alveolar processes

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4
Q

palatine

A

hard plate

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5
Q

zygomatic

A

cheek bones

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6
Q

lacrimal

A

medial wall of each orbit (eye socket), smallest bone of skull, lacrimal fossa

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7
Q

nasal

A

nose bridge

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8
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

nasal cavity

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9
Q

vomer

A

no muscle attachment

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10
Q

mandible

A

only movable bone of the skull; strongest skull bone

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11
Q

frontal bone formaina

A

supraorbital foramen or notch

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12
Q

temporal bone

A

carotid canal, external acoustic meatus, jugular foramen

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13
Q

occipital bone

A

foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal

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14
Q

sphenoid bone

A

foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, optic canal, superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

maxilla

A

inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital foramen

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16
Q

mandible

A

mental foramen, mandibular foramen

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17
Q

spinal cord is transmitted through the

A

foramen magnum of the occipital bone

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18
Q

Vertebral column

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (4)

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19
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

costal facets are the attachment points for the 12 pairs of ribs, spinous process is pointed downward, larger than cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

rib articulation

A

attached to the thoracic vertebrae by the facet joints; the facet joints expands when we breathe

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21
Q

Carpals

A

proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
(some lovers try positions that they can’t handle)

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22
Q

atlas

A

flat bone in neck, produces “yes” motion, and supports the skull

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23
Q

axis

A

“no” motion, dens (odontoid process) provides rotational movement

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24
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

shoulder girdle - incomplete gridle that contains the clavicle and the scapla

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25
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

medial end of clavicle with sternum

26
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

lateral end of clavicle with scapula

27
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

scapula with humerus

28
Q

bones of lower limb

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals (7), metatarsals (5), phalanges (14)

29
Q

tarsals

A

calcaneus - heel, talus - most superior, navicular, cuneiforms,(3) cuboid

30
Q

metarsals

A

I-V, medial to lateral

31
Q

Phalanges

A

2 hallux (big toe) & Distal, middle, proximal phalanx II-V,

32
Q

elbow articulation

A

distal end of humerus and proximal end of radius and ulna

33
Q

four reigons of lower limb

A

femoral (thigh - femur, patella), crural (knee to ankle - tibia, fibula), tarsal (ankle) & foot/pedal

34
Q

long bone sturcure

A

A diaphysis (shaft) and an epiphysis on each end; diaphysis is covered by the periosteum and epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage
out layer of compact bone -> spongy bone -> medullary cavity -> yellow bone marrow

35
Q

articulation in appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder and pelvic gridle append the limbs to axial skeleton, use ball and socket joints; bones of limbs use pivot, hinge and condyloid joints
Bones of leg articulate with pelvic bones of the pelvic girdle with ball and socket joints

36
Q

Flat bones

A

cranial bones, scapulae, sternum, ribs

37
Q

Long Bones

A

humerus, radius and ula, femur, tibia and fibula, metacarpals and metatarsals, phalanges

38
Q

Short bones

A

carpals, tarsals

39
Q

sesamoid bones

A

patella

40
Q

osteoclasts

A

secrete enzymes to break down bone matrix

41
Q

osteoblasts

A

synthesize bone matrix

42
Q

flat bone formation

A

intramembranous ossification

43
Q

long bone bone formation

A

endochondral ossification

44
Q

closed (simple) fracture)

A

bone break beneath the skin

45
Q

open (compound) fractures

A

broken bone ends pierce the skin

46
Q

greenstick fractures

A

partial breaks in a bone due to bending

47
Q

comminuted fractures

A

bone is crushed into 3(+) pieces

48
Q

impacted fractures

A

end of a broken bone is driven into the other end

49
Q

occipital bone landmarks

A

foramen magnum - vertebral arteries and spinal cord
hypoglossal canal
occipital condyles
external occipital protuberance - between summit of occipital bone and foramen magnum
inferior nuchal line
superior nuchal line
external occipital crest
occipital surface of jugular foramen

50
Q

temporal bone landmarks

A

zygomatic process
mandibular fossa
external auditory (acoustic) meatus
styloid process
mastoid process
stylomastoid foramen - facial nerve
temporal surface of jugular foramen
carotid canal

51
Q

frontal bone landmarks

A

supraorbital notches - vessels and nerves

52
Q

sphenoid

A

sella turcica - contains pituitary gland
optic foramen - optic nerve
superior orbital fissures - oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic nerve
foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve
foramen ovale - trigeminal nerve
foramen spinossum - trigeminal nerve
inferior orbital fissure, sphenoid surface

53
Q

sternum

A

manubrium - superior end
body of the sternum
xiphoid process

54
Q

true ribs (1-7)

A

connected to the sternum via costal cartilages

55
Q

false ribs (8-12)

A

not directly attached to sternum;; attached to the cartilage of the rib above them

56
Q

joints with no movement (synarthroses)

A

bones of skull, first pair of ribs, sternum

57
Q

joints with limited movement (syndesmoses)

A

vertebrae (intervertebral disc), hip bones (public symphysis) , tibia and fibia (tibiofibular ligament)

58
Q

joints with full movement (synovial )

A

elbow ligaments - humerus and radius & ulna
mandible, shoulder, wrist,
hip to thigh: pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligament
knee to leg - patellar ligament, medial and lateral meniscus

59
Q

tibiofibular ligament

A

reinforce the inferior tibiofibular joint between fibula and tibia; stabilizes the ankle

60
Q

symphyses

A

fibrocartilaginous pad that connects two bones and allows for limited movement

Medical Biology (5 decks)

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