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PSY 365 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the movement of drugs through the body via absorption, distribution (circulatory system), metabolism, and elimination

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2
Q

routes of drug administration

A
  • absorption through mucus membranes (snorting), sinuses, mouth (chewing)

-absorption through the skin (patches)

-injections: intravenous (directly into bloodstream, fast), intramuscular (directly into muscle, slow), subcutaneous (under the skin)

  • fastest: inhalation
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3
Q

circulatory system (veins and arteries)

A

veins carry blood from the body to the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart

carotid artery: going away from the heart, to the brain

jugular vein: going toward the heart

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4
Q

circulatory system (deoxygenated blood)

A

right side of the heart: atrium –> ventricle –> lungs

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5
Q

circulatory system (oxygenated blood)

A

left side of the heart: atrium –> ventricle –> brain

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6
Q

drug metabolism

A

liver, small intestines, hepatocytes (P450), biotransformation

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7
Q

drug excretion

A

kidneys, lungs, small intestine, skin

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8
Q

half lives

A

1 half life= 50% in the body, 2 half lives= 25%, 3 half lives= 12.5%

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9
Q

drug tests screen for which 5 drugs?

A

COCAP (cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, PCP)

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10
Q

urine vs hair drug analyses

A

urine: drugs detected within hours of use, detected for 1-7 days after use (up to weeks for dependent users)

hair: only for chronic users can take up to 4 days- 2 weeks for drug to show in follicle, detected for up to 90 days after use

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11
Q

what factors affect drug metabolism?

A

genetics, grapefruit juice affects absorption of alcohol/drugs, physiology

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12
Q

central nervous system

A

just the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves going out of brain into the body and vice versa

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14
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

stimulation: fight or flight

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15
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

inhibitory: rest and digest

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16
Q

what are the functions of each lobes in the brain?

A

occipital: vision

temporal: learning, memory, identification, hearing

parietal: spatial processing/awareness

frontal: proper behavior, problem solving, logical thinking, emotion

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17
Q

hippocampus

A

learning, paranoia

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18
Q

amygdala

A

emotional processing

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19
Q

thalamus

A

processes senses for interpretation

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20
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis (eating/drinking, thermoregulation)

21
Q

basal ganglia

A

regulates voluntary motor movements (twitching, shakiness)

22
Q

pituitary gland

A

growth, hormones, metabolism

23
Q

reticular formation

A

activates cortex (wakes you up) serotonin big role

24
Q

pons

A

respiratory control

25
Q

medula

A

heart rate control

26
Q

meninges

A

layers of protective tissue between brain and skull

27
Q

how do neurons communicate?

A

action potential down the axon, neurotransmitters released into synapse, travel across and bind to receptors which opens ion channels and generates a new action potential into new neuron

28
Q

dendrites

A

branches, where neurons receive info from other neurons

29
Q

cell body

A

integrates info, makes proteins

30
Q

axon

A

cable/tube, carries electrical info (action potential) to other neurons

31
Q

terminal buttons

A

end of neuron which connects to dendrites of other neurons to communicate info

32
Q

synapse

A

space where dendrites and terminal buttons connect to relay info

33
Q

noncompetitive vs competitive binding site

A

noncompetitive: binds to a location other than the binding site

competitive: bind to same bonding site as neurotransmitters

lock and key

34
Q

acetylcholine

A

only made in 3 places in the brain and in the muscles

excitatory and inhibitory

Curare induces paralysis

35
Q

glutamate

A

always excitatory, found throughout the brain

36
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory and found throughout the brain

strychnine, antagonist

37
Q

dopamine

A

made in 2 places in the brain, excitatory or inhibatory

amphetamine is an agonist drug for dopamine

38
Q

agonist

A

promotes synthesis and release, blocks degrading enzyme (reuptake)

39
Q

antagonist

A

blocks synthesis and release, stimulates degrading enzyme (reuptake)

40
Q

norepinephrine

A

1 place, excitatory

41
Q

serotonin

A

1 place, excitatory

42
Q

recreational vs instrumental drug use

A

recreational: for fun, for its effects

instrumental: for a socially approved goal (adhd drugs, to stay awake, to sleep, etc)

43
Q

drug misuse vs drug abuse

A

misue: inappropriate use (too many/few)

abuse: affects function

44
Q

physical vs psychological dependence

A

physical: withdrawals

psychological: craving, need

45
Q

acute vs chronic toxicity

A

acute: harm occurs immediately or soon

chronic: harm occurs long period of time

46
Q

schedules for controlled substances

A

1- high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use

2- high potential for abuse, some accepted medical use

3- some potential for abuse, accepted medical use

4- low potential for abuse, accepted medical use

5- minimal potential for abuse, widespread medical use

as schedule gets higher in number, its potential for abuse decreased and medical use increases

47
Q

drug tolerance

A

gradually diminished effect of drugs after repeated use

metabolic: liver breaks down drug faster

pharmacodynamic: receptors are less sensitive

behavioral: conditioning to a context

48
Q

dose response curves

A

graphical representations of dosage of a drug and its effect on a population, help researchers understand potency/efficacy/safety

49
Q

drug interactions

A

additive: (5+10=15)effects of both drugs is added

hyperadditive (synergistic): when drugs added, effect is more than what it normally would be

antagonist: two drugs taken together cancel each other out (dangerous)

PSY 365 (4 decks)

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