exam 1 Flashcards
unity and continuity of life
-life on earth has descended from a common ancestor
-continuity among all living things stems from the inheritance of info encoded in DNA
adaptation and correlation
-evolution has been called that GUT of biology
adaptation and the correlation of structure and function
-adaptation provides a framework for making sense of the otherwise bewildering variation in nature
organisms interact with one another and their environment
-organisms must acquire energy from their environment
-competition, mutualism, predation and parasitism
-ecological context
diversity is valuable, yet under threat
-ecosystem services
-intangible benefits
-human activities threaten biodiversity
defining ecolution: broad definition - descent with modification
-suggests evolutions role in the unity and diversity of all species
-evolutionary relationships are often illustrated with treelike diagrams that show ancestors and their descendants
defining evolution: narrow definition
a change in the genetic composition of a population over generations
-note that evolution is something that happens to pop, not individuals
1795
Hutton proposes his principle of gradualism
1798
maithus publishes “essay on the principle of pop
1809
charles darwin is born
lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution
1812
Cuvier publishes his extensive studies of vertebrate fossils
1830
Lyell publishes principles of geology
1831-36
Darwin travels around the world oh HMS beagle
1844
Darwin writes his essay on descent with modification
1858
Wallace send darwin his hypothesis of natural selection
1859
on the origin of species is published
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
essay on the principle of pop (1798)
-charles darwin, from his autobiography (1876)
Georges Cuvier (1769- 1832)
-Fossils in older strata does not equal fossils in newer strata
-Cuvier advocated catastrophism
-didn’t believe in evolution
James Hutton (1726-1797) and Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
that changes in earths surface can result from slow continous actions still operating today
-lyells principle of uniformitarianism
-this view strongly influenced Darwins thinking
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829)
-observed evolution in the fossil record
-proposed mechanisms:
-use and disuse
-inheritance of acquired characters
August Weismann barrier 1892
cutting mices tails dont make cut tailed offspring
Darwins personal history and contribution
-Charles Robert Darwin (1809- 1882)
-naturalist par excellence
-botany
-zoology
-incomplete forays into medicine and ministry
Voyage of the beagle (1831-1836)
-he observed that fossils resembled living species from the same region, and living species resembled other species from nearby regions
-rather than those of farther regions with similar environments
Darwin delays publication
-by 1840s, Darwin had worked out most of his hypotheses of how these adaptations could arise by natural selectino
-reluctant to publish
-collects more and more evidence