Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Learning & Memory > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle’s 3 Laws of Association

A

Contiguity, Frequency, Similarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contiguity

A

things occur close to each other in space or time tend to get linked together in the mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Frequency

A

how frequently paired things are more the stronger the connections between them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Similarity

A

If two things are similar they tend to evoke the thought of the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

William James

A

strong proponent of associationism, act of remembering events would involve a network of multiple connections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

discovered classical conditioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

discovered instrumental conditioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rene Descartes

A

firm believer of dualism, mind & body exists as separate entities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

John Locke

A

argued all knowledge is derived from experience. children are blank slates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

John Watson

A

founder of behaviorism. argued psychology should restrict itself to observable behaviors and not what’s in the mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Extinction

A

process of reducing learned response to a stimulus by ceasing to pair that stimulus with a reward or punishment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Generalization

A

individual will transfer what it has learned about one stimulus to similar stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

learning through association.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Instrumental Conditioning

A

process by which behavior is modified by reinforcing or inhibiting its effects of consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Burrhus Frederic Skinner B.F. Skinner

A

developed Operant conditioning. argued psychologist should limit themselves to observable behaviors that can be learned through experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Charles Darwin

A

developed the theory of natural selection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Edward Tolman

A

developed neo-behaviorism, argued humans are by nature motivated to learn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Charles Sherrington

A

concluded simple spinal reflexes are building blocks of all behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ubiquitous

A

being everywhere at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Central Nervous System

A

responsible for receiving, processing and responding to sensory information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

controls involuntary bodily functions & regulates glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuron

A

cell responsible for transmitting information to other cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dendrite

A

receives electrical signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Axon

A

transmits electrical signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

enables person to act and plan. voluntary movenments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

touch/sensory perception, taste, hearing, smell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

vision, memory formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

language, sounds.

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

balance & posture.

30
Q

Brain Stem

A

responsible for subconscious functions. (i.e. breathing)

31
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

motor control, action selection.

32
Q

Thalamus

A

info relay system.

33
Q

Amygdala

A

processing center for emotions.

34
Q

Hippocampus

A

long term memory & retrieval.

35
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

reads changes in magnetic fields.

36
Q

DTI

A

Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

measures connection between brain regions.

37
Q

fMRI

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

shows how different parts of brain are working through blood flow.

38
Q

ERP

A

event related potential.

39
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography.

40
Q

Hebbian Learning

A

connections between neurons become effective over time.

41
Q

HSAM

A

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory

42
Q

Habituation

A

becoming less responsive to repeated stimulus over time.

43
Q

Sensitization

A

becoming more attentive to repeated stimulus over time. reaction is amplified.

44
Q

RAS

A

Reticular Activating System

45
Q

Dual Process Theory

A

theory that habituation and sensitization are independent of each other but operate in parallel.

46
Q

Novel

A

new

47
Q

Priming

A

phenomenon where prior exposure to stimulus can improve ability to recognize it again.

48
Q

Perceptual Learning

A

similar to priming in that it leads to effective processing on past encounter with stimuli

49
Q

Spatial Learning

A

acquisition of info about one’s surroundings

50
Q

What’s the sea hare’s name?

A

Aplysia

51
Q

Synaptic Depression

A

a reduction of synaptic transmission

52
Q

Receptive Fields

A

range of the sensory stimuli that causes and particular neuron to fire.

53
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus US

A

cue that has some biological significance that evokes a naturally response.

54
Q

Unconditioned Response US

A

naturally occurring response to US

55
Q

Conditioned Stimulus CS

A

cue paired with US and comes to a evokes a CR

56
Q

Conditioned Response CR

A

trained response to a CS

57
Q

Appetitive Conditioning

A

conditioning where Us is a desirable event.

58
Q

Aversive Conditioning

A

conditioning where US is a disagreeable event.

59
Q

Compound Conditioning

A

condt. where two or more cues are present together, can form compound CS.

60
Q

Overshadowing

A

when a stronger cue within a compound acquires more association with US.

61
Q

Latent Inhibition

A

familiar stimulus takes longer to become CS.

62
Q

US Modulation Theory

A

any theory of condt. an association is determined by a change in how the US is processed.

63
Q

CS Modulation Theory

A

any theory of condt. an association is determined by a change in how the CS is processed.

64
Q

Trial Level Model

A

Theory of learning which all cues that occur during a trial and changes are a single event.

65
Q

Delay Conditioning

A

CS is presented and delays before US is presented. time/temporal gap doesn’t exist.

66
Q

Trace Conditioning

A

CS is presented first then US is presented. time/temporal gap exists.

67
Q

Interstimulus Conditioning

A

temporal/time gap between the onset of CS and the onset of US.

68
Q

The (numerical value) time gap for Interstimulus Conditioning

A

0.5 Seconds

69
Q

Conditioned Taste Aversion

A

condition where subjects learns to avoid taste with aversive outcome. Usually Nausea.

Learning & Memory (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions